Jackson POLLOCK (1912-1956)
Intro
Jackson Pollock spent his youth in the American West. His heightened creativity retains nothing from the conventional painting. On the contrary, he finds his influences with the Navajo sand figures, the Mexican murals and the automatic writing of French surrealist poets.
Arrived in New York in 1930 at the age of 18, he is attentive to all originalities. He attends a demonstration of the use of liquid paint by Siqueiros and sees Janet Sobel's open patterns covering the entire surface of the image without being altered at the frame.
During an exhibition at the MoMA in 1941, he attended a Navajo sand-picture show that reminded him of his childhood in Wyoming. Creation is a ritual where the original image disappears under the accumulation of layers.
This experience will give him the idea of placing his canvas or paper flat on the floor of his workshop for a better precision of his dissemination of colors. Executing his gestural dance around the work as it goes along, he realizes Malevich's old dream of a re-orientable image in all directions that also gives the illusion of spreading beyond its own limits.
While canceling the figurative, Malevich also wanted to highlight the material. Pollock manages a similar approach.
Peggy Guggenheim opens her aptly named Art of this Century gallery in New York in 1942. She is keenly interested in the synthesis of disparate influences practiced by Pollock. In the big city, the artist cannot solve his social problems. His installation with his wife Lee Krasner in a barn in the depths of Long Island at the end of 1945 finally enables him to develop his own artistic language.
Arrived in New York in 1930 at the age of 18, he is attentive to all originalities. He attends a demonstration of the use of liquid paint by Siqueiros and sees Janet Sobel's open patterns covering the entire surface of the image without being altered at the frame.
During an exhibition at the MoMA in 1941, he attended a Navajo sand-picture show that reminded him of his childhood in Wyoming. Creation is a ritual where the original image disappears under the accumulation of layers.
This experience will give him the idea of placing his canvas or paper flat on the floor of his workshop for a better precision of his dissemination of colors. Executing his gestural dance around the work as it goes along, he realizes Malevich's old dream of a re-orientable image in all directions that also gives the illusion of spreading beyond its own limits.
While canceling the figurative, Malevich also wanted to highlight the material. Pollock manages a similar approach.
Peggy Guggenheim opens her aptly named Art of this Century gallery in New York in 1942. She is keenly interested in the synthesis of disparate influences practiced by Pollock. In the big city, the artist cannot solve his social problems. His installation with his wife Lee Krasner in a barn in the depths of Long Island at the end of 1945 finally enables him to develop his own artistic language.
1946 The Blue Unconscious
2013 SOLD 21 M$ including premium
The art of Jackson Pollock is at the confluence of three sources of inspiration.
He admires the Mexican muralists and mostly Orozco, and retains the idea that an image does not need to be composed in relation to its frame.
He appreciates with Siqueiros that non-conventional techniques of color distribution on the surface to be painted can generate new effects.
Treated for his alcoholism by a psychoanalyst close to Jung, he is convinced that the most important is the creative act, so that the artist is quite right to hide his original message when he completes the artwork.
In the war years, the team of Peggy Guggenheim discovers in Pollock an artist enough spontaneous and innovative to embody the power and action of the American dream. She sponsors him without being close to him.
Lee Krasner got the brilliant intuition that life in the big city is not conducive to the artistic stimulus of this violent and misanthropic young man. She married him and moved with him to a barn with sea sight in Long Island.
On May 14 in New York, Sotheby's sells a large canvas, 213 x 142 cm, painted in 1946 at the beginning of the Long Island studio. It is titled The Blue Unconscious and estimated $ 20M.
First, forget the title, which has never been important in the art of Pollock. This somehow unattractive painting is extraordinary for the analysis of his art.
Most of his other works of the first year in Long Island are nestings of colors interpreting as a continuous structure the boundless view of the lush nature from the window of the barn. Their almost abstract effect is close to what Pollock will achieve by dripping a few months later.
The Blue Unconscious is close to the style of Gorky and de Kooning, perhaps by accident because Pollock was not interested in the works and theories of abstract expressionists. A female nude larger than life occupies the right side of the image while the left side receives grimacing heads. The whole is voluntarily made poorly readable by patterns of colored lines.
It is as if one example had survived of those Pollock's fantasies which he will continue to draw throughout his career before feverishly and systematically hiding them by the dripping.
Pollock was one of the most fertile triggers of modern art and his early success is linked to the American dream. The brutal deaths of James Dean, Jackson Pollock and Marilyn Monroe and the horrors of the Vietnam war will end this utopia in which the real gravedigger in art will be Warhol.
POST SALE COMMENT
This work from a period of transition which was important for the artist and more generally for American art was sold $ 21M including premium.
Here is the link to the catalogue.
He admires the Mexican muralists and mostly Orozco, and retains the idea that an image does not need to be composed in relation to its frame.
He appreciates with Siqueiros that non-conventional techniques of color distribution on the surface to be painted can generate new effects.
Treated for his alcoholism by a psychoanalyst close to Jung, he is convinced that the most important is the creative act, so that the artist is quite right to hide his original message when he completes the artwork.
In the war years, the team of Peggy Guggenheim discovers in Pollock an artist enough spontaneous and innovative to embody the power and action of the American dream. She sponsors him without being close to him.
Lee Krasner got the brilliant intuition that life in the big city is not conducive to the artistic stimulus of this violent and misanthropic young man. She married him and moved with him to a barn with sea sight in Long Island.
On May 14 in New York, Sotheby's sells a large canvas, 213 x 142 cm, painted in 1946 at the beginning of the Long Island studio. It is titled The Blue Unconscious and estimated $ 20M.
First, forget the title, which has never been important in the art of Pollock. This somehow unattractive painting is extraordinary for the analysis of his art.
Most of his other works of the first year in Long Island are nestings of colors interpreting as a continuous structure the boundless view of the lush nature from the window of the barn. Their almost abstract effect is close to what Pollock will achieve by dripping a few months later.
The Blue Unconscious is close to the style of Gorky and de Kooning, perhaps by accident because Pollock was not interested in the works and theories of abstract expressionists. A female nude larger than life occupies the right side of the image while the left side receives grimacing heads. The whole is voluntarily made poorly readable by patterns of colored lines.
It is as if one example had survived of those Pollock's fantasies which he will continue to draw throughout his career before feverishly and systematically hiding them by the dripping.
Pollock was one of the most fertile triggers of modern art and his early success is linked to the American dream. The brutal deaths of James Dean, Jackson Pollock and Marilyn Monroe and the horrors of the Vietnam war will end this utopia in which the real gravedigger in art will be Warhol.
POST SALE COMMENT
This work from a period of transition which was important for the artist and more generally for American art was sold $ 21M including premium.
Here is the link to the catalogue.
1948 Number 19
2013 SOLD for $ 58M by Christie's
In 1946, Lee Krasner pushes Jackson Pollock to a secluded barn on Long Island. Thus freed from the bustle of the big city, Pollock has the luck to live his artistic Passion, in the strongest meaning of that word.
He did not consider himself as an abstract artist. In the first months after his arrival in Long Island, he developed two series of paintings titled 'Sounds in the grass' and 'Accabonac Creek', reflecting his desire to commune with the earth for expressing its richness.
Pollock improves his technique throughout 1946, and abandons his stylized figuration. Wanting to work on a hard surface, he uses the masonite. He begins to apply the pigment in impasto directly at the outlet of the tube and gradually gives up the brush. For convenience, he lays directly on the floor the surface to be painted instead of using an easel.
The use of sprayed or flowing liquid paint is made possible by that position of the support. His hand acquires an unprecedented freedom. Pollock's art conveys his subconscious energy, just as Chinese calligraphy is a direct transcription of an artist's emotion. Masson is referred with Miro among Pollock's surrealist influences, but it will be noted that Michaux's automatic drawings were influenced by Chinese calligraphy.
The very first work using dripping was painted at the end of 1946. The surface is bright red and the contributions are black and white. Named Free form, this 49 x 36 cm oil on canvas is kept at the MoMA. There is no horizon and no framing even when the work is small, and there is also no longer a figuration.
The next step is the diversification of colors. The lines of pure colors of various widths form infinite and meticulous tangles. The regularity of the final mesh is spectacular without being total, so that certain areas are breathing or vibrating such as an organic matter. Richter's squeegee will generate similar effects.
An oil on masonite 48 x 60 cm dated 1946 is painted in bright yellow, bright blue and black by dripping and splashing on a background of the same red. It was sold for $ 13M by Christie's on October 6, 2020, lot 5. Its first owner was Peggy Guggenheim. It is de-accessioned by the Everson Art Museum in Syracuse NY to refocus their collection on the fight against racial and sexual inequalities.
Pollock's musicalist dances around large-scale works came soon after.
The works on paper prepared with a white primer are promising and the small formats make it more possible to obtain in a lesser time a full covering of the surface with the desirable entangled lines of high density.
On May 15, 2013, Christie's sold for $ 58M from a lower estimate of $ 25M Number 19, 1948. This oil and enamel on paper mounted on canvas is small, 78 x 57 cm, but the fineness of the pours and drips is superb. Please watch the video prepared by Christie's.
He did not consider himself as an abstract artist. In the first months after his arrival in Long Island, he developed two series of paintings titled 'Sounds in the grass' and 'Accabonac Creek', reflecting his desire to commune with the earth for expressing its richness.
Pollock improves his technique throughout 1946, and abandons his stylized figuration. Wanting to work on a hard surface, he uses the masonite. He begins to apply the pigment in impasto directly at the outlet of the tube and gradually gives up the brush. For convenience, he lays directly on the floor the surface to be painted instead of using an easel.
The use of sprayed or flowing liquid paint is made possible by that position of the support. His hand acquires an unprecedented freedom. Pollock's art conveys his subconscious energy, just as Chinese calligraphy is a direct transcription of an artist's emotion. Masson is referred with Miro among Pollock's surrealist influences, but it will be noted that Michaux's automatic drawings were influenced by Chinese calligraphy.
The very first work using dripping was painted at the end of 1946. The surface is bright red and the contributions are black and white. Named Free form, this 49 x 36 cm oil on canvas is kept at the MoMA. There is no horizon and no framing even when the work is small, and there is also no longer a figuration.
The next step is the diversification of colors. The lines of pure colors of various widths form infinite and meticulous tangles. The regularity of the final mesh is spectacular without being total, so that certain areas are breathing or vibrating such as an organic matter. Richter's squeegee will generate similar effects.
An oil on masonite 48 x 60 cm dated 1946 is painted in bright yellow, bright blue and black by dripping and splashing on a background of the same red. It was sold for $ 13M by Christie's on October 6, 2020, lot 5. Its first owner was Peggy Guggenheim. It is de-accessioned by the Everson Art Museum in Syracuse NY to refocus their collection on the fight against racial and sexual inequalities.
Pollock's musicalist dances around large-scale works came soon after.
The works on paper prepared with a white primer are promising and the small formats make it more possible to obtain in a lesser time a full covering of the surface with the desirable entangled lines of high density.
On May 15, 2013, Christie's sold for $ 58M from a lower estimate of $ 25M Number 19, 1948. This oil and enamel on paper mounted on canvas is small, 78 x 57 cm, but the fineness of the pours and drips is superb. Please watch the video prepared by Christie's.
1949 Oil and Enamel on Paper on Masonite
Intro
1949 was the pinnacle in the life of Jackson Pollock. His unprecedented method of painting with dripping, which he invented two years earlier, is operational. His wife Lee Krasner and the gallery owner Betty Parsons manage his career, sparing him those social relationships in which he is so uncomfortable. From the end of 1948 until November 1950, he did not drink alcohol.
With these favorable circumstances, Jack can devote himself to his art, which he has always understood as the expression of his subconscious. The laudatory comments from some art critics don't surprise him : he tells Lee that there is no other example of creativity in their country except for the Bebop by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.
He has detractors, who consider that his creative gesture is random and therefore meaningless. Motivated by this opposition, he is preparing a series of paintings which will be exhibited together at the end of the year by Betty Parsons to demonstrate the diversity of his pictorial effects in a unique format.
He chooses oil and enamel on paper, which does not alter the colors of the pigments, adding on some works a phosphorescence effect with aluminum paint. The paper format, 78 x 57 cm, is not comparable to the gigantic canvases of the previous year, but it has an operational advantage : the jerky movement of the wrist is sufficient to perform a dripping of great precision without resorting to a gesticulatory dance all around the work.
This set of 16 works mounted on masonite is exhibited in November 1949 by Betty Parsons alongside unsold items from the previous show.
With these favorable circumstances, Jack can devote himself to his art, which he has always understood as the expression of his subconscious. The laudatory comments from some art critics don't surprise him : he tells Lee that there is no other example of creativity in their country except for the Bebop by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.
He has detractors, who consider that his creative gesture is random and therefore meaningless. Motivated by this opposition, he is preparing a series of paintings which will be exhibited together at the end of the year by Betty Parsons to demonstrate the diversity of his pictorial effects in a unique format.
He chooses oil and enamel on paper, which does not alter the colors of the pigments, adding on some works a phosphorescence effect with aluminum paint. The paper format, 78 x 57 cm, is not comparable to the gigantic canvases of the previous year, but it has an operational advantage : the jerky movement of the wrist is sufficient to perform a dripping of great precision without resorting to a gesticulatory dance all around the work.
This set of 16 works mounted on masonite is exhibited in November 1949 by Betty Parsons alongside unsold items from the previous show.
1
Number 31
2022 SOLD for $ 54M by Christie's
The Number 31 of 1949, oil, enamel, aluminum paint and gesso on paper mounted on Masonite
79 x 57 cm painted in 1949, was sold for $ 54M by Christie's on May 12, 2022, lot 21C. It is in a great original condition with fresh colors.
The abstract swirls and stains densely occupy the whole surface of the paper in a vibrant arrangement of colors. It is one of the eight examples in that series which used drips of aluminum paint to increase the brightness. Brilliant red, emerald green, turquoise, yellow and orange offer a rainbow spectrum effect.
This piece demonstrating the full maturity of Pollock's dripping process was included in the second solo show at Betty Parsons Gallery in November and December 1949.
79 x 57 cm painted in 1949, was sold for $ 54M by Christie's on May 12, 2022, lot 21C. It is in a great original condition with fresh colors.
The abstract swirls and stains densely occupy the whole surface of the paper in a vibrant arrangement of colors. It is one of the eight examples in that series which used drips of aluminum paint to increase the brightness. Brilliant red, emerald green, turquoise, yellow and orange offer a rainbow spectrum effect.
This piece demonstrating the full maturity of Pollock's dripping process was included in the second solo show at Betty Parsons Gallery in November and December 1949.
2
Number 32
2018 SOLD for $ 34M by Sotheby's
Number 32, 1949 is one of the 8 examples that used aluminum.
In a nice freshness thanks to a parsimonious use in exhibitions, this oil, enamel, and aluminum paint on paper mounted on Masonite was sold for $ 34M by Sotheby's on May 16, 2018, lot 14. Please watch the short video and the full video shared by the auction house.
In a nice freshness thanks to a parsimonious use in exhibitions, this oil, enamel, and aluminum paint on paper mounted on Masonite was sold for $ 34M by Sotheby's on May 16, 2018, lot 14. Please watch the short video and the full video shared by the auction house.
3
Number 16
2013 SOLD for $ 32.6M by Christie's
The numbers 12, 16 and 17 appear as nets entangling the black and colored lines over an ocher background. This centered pattern which hardly reaches the edge of the image gives up the effect of infinite field, which was therefore not essential in Pollock's creativity, while maintaining the total absence of a third dimension.
Number 16 was sold for $ 32.6M by Christie's on November 12, 2013, lot 39.
Number 16 was sold for $ 32.6M by Christie's on November 12, 2013, lot 39.
4
Number 17
2015 SOLD for $ 23M by Sotheby's
Number 17, 57 x 72 cm, was sold for $ 23M by Sotheby's on November 11, 2015, lot 9.
De-accessed from MoMA, Number 12 was sold for $ 11.7M by Christie's on May 11, 2004, lot 17.
De-accessed from MoMA, Number 12 was sold for $ 11.7M by Christie's on May 11, 2004, lot 17.
1950 Dancing with Red Strokes
2018 SOLD for $ 55M including premium
The non-figurative paintings by Jackson Pollock are neither mystical nor pantheistic. They express his deep personality as no artist had done before him.
The artistic training of this Wyoming boy had not been conventional. He admires the influence of the tribal arts on Picasso and the revolutionary message of the Mexican muralists, and especially he gets rid of the usual practices of the painters.
By neglecting the limits of his canvas or paper support, he offers infinity whatever the size of the artwork, as Mondrian had done. By putting his canvas or paper directly on the floor, he can dance around it like an Indian. In this gesture where the paint flows from the pot shaken by the hand, he creates networks of colors that he modifies at will, which would be impossible on a wall or an easel.
The surrealists wanted to express their dreams. Pollock does the opposite : he controls his subconscious. His colors are so entangled that no detail is preponderant. They do not constitute a cerebral image but the product of his three-dimensional dance. A little later Kazuo Shiraga will also involve his own body in his artistic creation.
Pollock is a perfectionist but he works quickly and his output is abundant. His best years begin in 1948 when he can devote himself entirely to his art with the effective support of his wife Lee Krasner in their Long Island barn studio isolated from the harmful temptations of the big city.
On November 13 in New York, Christie's sells a painting in oil, enamel and aluminum 93 x 65 cm, lot 17 B estimated $ 50M. Dated 1950 by the artist but not numbered, it has no exhibition history in his lifetime and is identified by the descriptive title Composition with Red Strokes.
The artistic training of this Wyoming boy had not been conventional. He admires the influence of the tribal arts on Picasso and the revolutionary message of the Mexican muralists, and especially he gets rid of the usual practices of the painters.
By neglecting the limits of his canvas or paper support, he offers infinity whatever the size of the artwork, as Mondrian had done. By putting his canvas or paper directly on the floor, he can dance around it like an Indian. In this gesture where the paint flows from the pot shaken by the hand, he creates networks of colors that he modifies at will, which would be impossible on a wall or an easel.
The surrealists wanted to express their dreams. Pollock does the opposite : he controls his subconscious. His colors are so entangled that no detail is preponderant. They do not constitute a cerebral image but the product of his three-dimensional dance. A little later Kazuo Shiraga will also involve his own body in his artistic creation.
Pollock is a perfectionist but he works quickly and his output is abundant. His best years begin in 1948 when he can devote himself entirely to his art with the effective support of his wife Lee Krasner in their Long Island barn studio isolated from the harmful temptations of the big city.
On November 13 in New York, Christie's sells a painting in oil, enamel and aluminum 93 x 65 cm, lot 17 B estimated $ 50M. Dated 1950 by the artist but not numbered, it has no exhibition history in his lifetime and is identified by the descriptive title Composition with Red Strokes.
1951 Brawl of Colors on Pollock's Canvas
2012 SOLD 40 M$ including premium
Entitled Number 4, 1951, the painting for sale on November 13 by Sotheby's in New York is a great demonstration of the most brilliant works by Jackson Pollock, with a variety of exciting colors that is not frequently the most visible feature for this artist .
Three techniques are brought together to create harmony within this small canvas, 77 x 64 cm, impregnated with aluminum paint.
Created by dripping, fine lines of different colors are seeking to exchange a message defaced by their complexity, in the tradition of the automatic writing of Dada. Five very shiny and pure colors, red, blue, yellow, green and ochre, compete to dominate that field without worrying about the lines. Black enamel spots are trying to maintain some balance in this fight.
Pollock has developed an entirely new technique of creation by which the progressing work guides the artist in a lengthy process which is achieved when the artist can not imagine a further improvement of harmony.
Directly by the disclosure of his act, indirectly by the obtained result, the work of Pollock had a considerable influence on the art of the second half of the twentieth century. The further step in the Abstraktes Bild by Richter will be to no longer need that first drawing which Pollock and Klein were hiding or blurring.
As we know, the frenzy of Pollock ruined his health. The first owner of Number 4, 1951, was the psychoanalyst who was trying to help him against alcoholism.
This painting is estimated $ 25M. Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
This Pollock painting was sold $ 40M including premium. While it is not the top price of this sale which rewarded Rothko at $ 75M, and considering its small size, it is one of the most important works of abstract expressionism ever presented at auction.
Three techniques are brought together to create harmony within this small canvas, 77 x 64 cm, impregnated with aluminum paint.
Created by dripping, fine lines of different colors are seeking to exchange a message defaced by their complexity, in the tradition of the automatic writing of Dada. Five very shiny and pure colors, red, blue, yellow, green and ochre, compete to dominate that field without worrying about the lines. Black enamel spots are trying to maintain some balance in this fight.
Pollock has developed an entirely new technique of creation by which the progressing work guides the artist in a lengthy process which is achieved when the artist can not imagine a further improvement of harmony.
Directly by the disclosure of his act, indirectly by the obtained result, the work of Pollock had a considerable influence on the art of the second half of the twentieth century. The further step in the Abstraktes Bild by Richter will be to no longer need that first drawing which Pollock and Klein were hiding or blurring.
As we know, the frenzy of Pollock ruined his health. The first owner of Number 4, 1951, was the psychoanalyst who was trying to help him against alcoholism.
This painting is estimated $ 25M. Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
This Pollock painting was sold $ 40M including premium. While it is not the top price of this sale which rewarded Rothko at $ 75M, and considering its small size, it is one of the most important works of abstract expressionism ever presented at auction.
1951 The Wrestling of Pollock with his Art
2012 SOLD 23 M$ including premium
PRE SALE DISCUSSION
Jackson Pollock was totally immersed in his art. The canvas stretched on the ground becomes his universe. Heendlessly covers it with the streams of his paints, matted and spread by mechanical gestures that ultimately escape his own conscience.
Like all great artists, he wants to express his view of the world. His work is figurative, but the layers go to make it unreadable. Curiously, Klein will have a similar approach with his blue monochromes a few years later. Only the authorcan preserve the memory of this vanishing figuration.
In 1948, Pollock stops giving titles to his works, now designated by numbers. One of his largest boards, Number 5,1948, 2.4 x 1.2 m, reached $ 140M in a private sale in 2006. It was then the highest price ever paid for a work of art.
After various experiments, the artist returned to his 1948 style at the fall of 1951. His now thicker materials,deposited with syringes, become flesh. Number 28, 1951, painted on a large canvas 77 x 137 cm, in black and graywith white, red and yellow lines, is a masterpiece of this period.
Number 28 is estimated $ 20M, for sale on May 8 by Christie's in New York. Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
The evening was so successful, with a total of $ 388M including premium, that we may be almost disappointed that the Pollock remained around its lower estimate. It was sold $ 23M including premium.
Jackson Pollock was totally immersed in his art. The canvas stretched on the ground becomes his universe. Heendlessly covers it with the streams of his paints, matted and spread by mechanical gestures that ultimately escape his own conscience.
Like all great artists, he wants to express his view of the world. His work is figurative, but the layers go to make it unreadable. Curiously, Klein will have a similar approach with his blue monochromes a few years later. Only the authorcan preserve the memory of this vanishing figuration.
In 1948, Pollock stops giving titles to his works, now designated by numbers. One of his largest boards, Number 5,1948, 2.4 x 1.2 m, reached $ 140M in a private sale in 2006. It was then the highest price ever paid for a work of art.
After various experiments, the artist returned to his 1948 style at the fall of 1951. His now thicker materials,deposited with syringes, become flesh. Number 28, 1951, painted on a large canvas 77 x 137 cm, in black and graywith white, red and yellow lines, is a masterpiece of this period.
Number 28 is estimated $ 20M, for sale on May 8 by Christie's in New York. Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
The evening was so successful, with a total of $ 388M including premium, that we may be almost disappointed that the Pollock remained around its lower estimate. It was sold $ 23M including premium.
1951 Black Pouring
2021 SOLD for $ 61M by Sotheby's
The signature style of Jackson Pollock was to express the rhythmic motion of his body while he poured paint on the floor. The successive use of many colors on a same support led to an impression that he expressed the rich soil of Long Island, just as Monet had done in Giverny.
This achievement must nevertheless consider that one of his basic inspirations had been the marks left in the sand by the dance of the Navajo Indians.
He was right in considering that his creativity owed as much to the dance than to colors. In 1951 he starts a series of monochrome paintings by pouring a saturated deep black liquid paint on the canvas again laid across the floor.
As a consequence the mingling of the colors was superseded by patterns of curves, dots and smears which could lead him back to the weird automatic figuration of his beginnings.
A typical example is the opus Number 5 of 1951, black oil paint 147 x 141 cm, sold for $ 11.4M by Christie's on May 13, 2014, lot 30, titled Elegant Lady by his gallerist.
Black and White Painting III, enamel on canvas 140 x 125 cm also painted in 1951, features a human form with stretched arms and is tentatively interpreted as a crucifixion. It was sold for $ 5.2M by Sotheby's on November 4, 2015, lot 38.
The opus 17 of the same year did not reach such an enigmatic figuration, remaining a pure expression of Pollock's wrist mingling thick intense lines and angel's hair. This black enamel on canvas 150 x 150 cm was sold for $ 61M from a lower estimate of $ 25M by Sotheby's on November 15, 2021, lot 11.
Despite the commercial failure of a first exhibition, Pollock persevered up to a total of 33 black paintings. Were they indeed more than a refined form of Rorschach blots ?
This achievement must nevertheless consider that one of his basic inspirations had been the marks left in the sand by the dance of the Navajo Indians.
He was right in considering that his creativity owed as much to the dance than to colors. In 1951 he starts a series of monochrome paintings by pouring a saturated deep black liquid paint on the canvas again laid across the floor.
As a consequence the mingling of the colors was superseded by patterns of curves, dots and smears which could lead him back to the weird automatic figuration of his beginnings.
A typical example is the opus Number 5 of 1951, black oil paint 147 x 141 cm, sold for $ 11.4M by Christie's on May 13, 2014, lot 30, titled Elegant Lady by his gallerist.
Black and White Painting III, enamel on canvas 140 x 125 cm also painted in 1951, features a human form with stretched arms and is tentatively interpreted as a crucifixion. It was sold for $ 5.2M by Sotheby's on November 4, 2015, lot 38.
The opus 17 of the same year did not reach such an enigmatic figuration, remaining a pure expression of Pollock's wrist mingling thick intense lines and angel's hair. This black enamel on canvas 150 x 150 cm was sold for $ 61M from a lower estimate of $ 25M by Sotheby's on November 15, 2021, lot 11.
Despite the commercial failure of a first exhibition, Pollock persevered up to a total of 33 black paintings. Were they indeed more than a refined form of Rorschach blots ?
