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Art Déco in France

not including Eileen Gray in England
​Except otherwise stated, all results include the premium.
​See also : Furniture  Modern furniture  Chairs and seats  Women artists
Chronology : 1920

GRAY

1
1920 Fauteuil aux Dragons
2009 SOLD for € 22M by Christie's

The estate sale of the collection of the fashion designer Yves Saint-Laurent was jointly organized by Christie's and Pierre Bergé et Associés from 23 to 25 February, 2009. The furniture of the 20th century was led by an armchair made by Eileen Gray around 1920-1922, sold for € 22M from a lower estimate of € 2.5M.

This seat is only 61 cm high. The sitting height is normal, but the back is small. It is large (91 cm), making it a comfortable chair. It is named the Fauteuil aux Dragons for the sculptures of its armrests.

On June 1, 2005, Camard had separated a suite of six armchairs à la Sirène. They had belonged from 1923 to Damia, the music hall singer woman with whom Eileen had a love affair. From a very different model from the fauteuil aux dragons, their sculpture of the women fish was enhanced by an open back. The highest result was € 1.75M.
Furniture
Chairs and Seats
Modern Furniture
Women Artists
1920

2
1925 Suspension Satellite
2009 SOLD for € 3M by Christie's

The creations by Eileen Gray embrace works that represent extreme contrasts in approach which converge in 1926 in the architecture and interior design of the holiday home E-1027 near Monaco.

Made ca 1925, Suspension Satellite is a hanging light in cream painted aluminum composed of three superimposed flat rings in ascending scale mounted in alternation with three stepped conical shades in descending scale. The overall height is 135 cm and the larger ring is 48 cm  in diameter.


It was sold for € 3M from a lower estimate of € 600K by Christie's on February 25, 2009, lot 317 in the sale of the Saint-Laurent - Bergé collection.

1922 Guéridon by Rateau
2006 SOLD for € 3.04M by Christie's

Life restarts in Paris after the war. The couturière Jeanne Lanvin creates a decoration office, for which she collaborates with Armand-Albert Rateau. In 1920 she entrusts him with the interior decoration of her private apartment.

Trained at the Ecole Boulle, Rateau is both a decorator and a sculptor, he creates a bronze bestiary with simple shapes and smooth lines in the style of François Pompon, not following the modernist style of Rembrandt Bugatti.

Rateau features several birds in Lanvin's apartment. The legs of the guéridon are the very long tails of small birds. The copy which he had kept for his personal use, made circa 1922, was sold for € 3.04M from a lower estimate of € 400K by Christie's on June 8, 2006, lot 47.

The floor lamp designed by Rateau is mounted on a base of four pheasants with their heads raised. Each pheasant is mounted on a ball. For the low table that can serve as a coffee table, the pheasants with their heads bowed, perched on the same balls, are at the four corners in a caryatid position, facing one another. The balls and tails are placed on the floor.

Rateau reuses for the Duchess of Alba the models of the floor lamp and of the low table. Her table, made in 1924, is similar to the Lanvin variant, with a hollow top and separate heads. It is 33 cm high with a floor area of 102 x 50 cm between the tails. It was sold for € 1.66M by Christie's on May 23, 2013. In the same sale, the two floor lamps of the same provenance were sold for € 1.66M each.

A table made in 1924 in the Lanvin-Alba type was sold for $ 1.2M by Christie's on December 17, 2015, lot 105 and for $ 2M by Sotheby's on December 9, 2020, lot 8.

The table exhibited in 1925 at the
 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs is a variant with a flat top. The bird's heads are closer to each other and joined by a daisy. An example was sold for € 2.03M by Christie's on June 8, 2006, lot 48.

1929 RUHLMANN

​1
​Bureau Tardieu
2011 SOLD for € 2.3M by Christie's

The Exposition des Arts décoratifs in Paris in 1925 opens new paths for luxury. The creators amend traditional furniture with new forms, search the world for the most splendid materials and desire to confront the legendary wealth of India.

In the following year, one of the richest Hindu rulers, the Maharaja of Indore, resigns after a scandal. His son and successor, aged 18, is assisted by a regency council. While waiting to exercise his responsibilities, he travels Europe. His name is His Highness Maharajadhira Raj Rajeshwar Sawai Shri Yeshwantra II Holkar XIV Bahadur.

The young man is passionate about modernism and wants to furnish an avant-garde residence of which he entrusts the design to Eckart Muthesius. All the Parisian designers expect to be his suppliers.

At the Salon des Artistes Décorateurs in June 1929, Ruhlmann exhibits an important suite of furniture under the title of Studio-Chambre du Prince Héritier d'un Vice-roi des Indes, which leaves no doubt about the identity of the targeted client. His innovations are the use of black lacquer and chrome-plated bronze, and the replacement of the base of several pieces of furniture by curved end metal bars similar to a pair of skis.

This bedroom furniture included a writing desk, a bed and a modular bookcase, black, in chromed and lacquered metal.

This large writing desk with a large semi-circular top 2.72 m long and 1.58 m deep, is no longer a simple furniture but a functional piece made of simple shapes and luxury materials, equipped with a leather writing surface, glass mail trays, an adjustable lamp, a pivoting wastebasket, a heated footrest and even a telephone.

The Maharaja visits the exhibition but his advisers Muthesius and Roché do not rush. He did dot purchase the original desk because he opted for ebony instead of black lacquer.

This partial disavowal is to the delight of the president of the Artistes Décorateurs, André Tardieu, who buys several original pieces including the desk whose model will thence be referred as bureau Tardieu. Accompanied by its armchair, it was sold for € 2.3M by Christie's on March 29, 2011. Tardieu was the French président du conseil des ministres from November 1929.

A first replica is made in 1929 for the use of Ruhlmann himself in his personal office. This desk 135 x 270 x 65 cm is made of Makassar ebony, oak, yellow peroba, sipo, chrome plated metal, maillechort and glass. Accompanied by its matching armchair made in 1930-1933, it passed at Christie's on October 3, 2023, lot 27.

The bureau Tardieu ordered by the prince was executed in 1931.

2
Chaise Longue aux Skis
2011 SOLD for € 2.86M by Christie's

This furniture exhibited by Ruhlmann in the 1929 Salon has been the subject of ingenious designs in terms of functionality. The chaise longue aux skis offers four possible backrest inclinations and an electric heating of the footrest.

The lounge chair of the Studio-Chambre is the only complete copy of this model, so being one of Ruhlmann's rarest productions. The only other known example, incomplete, is not located.


That Ruhlmann chaise longue aux skis was sold for € 2.86M by Christie's on March 29, 2011 in the same sale as the Bureau Tardieu. Its ban of shipping outside of France was canceled in 2013. It was sold for $ 2.4M by Sotheby's in New York on December 11, 2019, lot 26.

The young prince of Indore really desired such a chair. He chose Charlotte Perriand's 
reclining lounge chair, a model first exhibited at the 1929 Salon d'Automne.

We are honored to announce ‘Modern Masters: Chefs-D’œuvre D’une Collection Privée‘, an auction this December in #NYC that will present a superlative collection of art and design by top European masters. Learn more about two exceptional highlights: https://t.co/Ek5nDdr37h pic.twitter.com/YuIV8zT4xe

— Sotheby's (@Sothebys) September 26, 2019

1929 Porte aux Moineaux by Lalique
2011 SOLD for € 2.02M by Sotheby's

From 1890 René Lalique used glass among the wide variety of materials that he assembled in his Art Nouveau style jewelry. He gradually mastered all the techniques, in increasingly large dimensions.

In terms of the monumental application of glass, his masterpiece is the double door in the gate of his own townhouse in Paris. The decoration of pine branches and cones is spread over nine rows of eight glass panels, with even an extension on the wall of the building. The Hôtel Lalique and its door are still in existence.

His competence in luxury decoration is recognized. In 1925 he creates the glass fountain for the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs, and he decorates the Côte d'Azur Pullman Express train in 1929 and the Normandie liner in 1935.

On November 22, 2011, Sotheby's sold for € 2.02M from a lower estimate of € 400K a double door made in glass by Lalique in 1929, lot 131.

This 270 x 180 x 13 cm piece is composed of two elements, each one made of four vertical compartments in white glass delimited by glass rods. The mounting frame is in nickel plated steel. The decoration is not on the windows but on the rods, with figures of sparrows in the round, distributed upside down within the full height.

The glass sparrow was regularly offered by Lalique, notably as paperweight and, from 1933, for a decorative bar with six life size birds. Its application in the round on an architectural structure anticipates by two decades the small animals perched within Diego Giacometti's furniture.

​​1930-1936 Les Palmiers by Dunand
2021 SOLD for £ 3.3M by Phillips

Jean Dunand was one the most typical leaders of the Art Déco of the 1920s, associating the simplest decoration patterns with the most exquisite materials including lacquer. In the 1925 Exposition des Arts Décoratifs he exhibited a full set of boiseries constituting a fumoir (smoking room) conceived as the most cosy place of an apartment.

From 1930 Dunand is very busy with the Art Déco furnishings of the ocean liners Atlantique and Normandie. He nevertheless accepts orders from private customers. The preparation of the fumoir of Colette Aboucaya will last from 1930 to 1936.

The theme of the Aboucaya fumoir is Les Palmiers, a forest of palm trees providing an illusion of exoticism. The size of the room is 390 x 620 cm, for a total perimeter of about 20 m. The set constituting the four walls is composed of 27 panels 344 cm high plus two double doors, a pair of sliding doors and one opening. The wood pieces are lacquered in exquisite low contrasting grays.

Miss Aboucaya was a very private person. Whatever the reason she never used her fumoir. When she died at age 101, nobody in her family had ever entered in that room. Her estate sale by François de Ricqlès in 1997 included in the condition of a time capsule the Dunand boiseries, a matching rug by Da Silva Bruhns, and the furniture conceived by Gérard Mille and lacquered by Katsu Hamanaka. Other rooms had been furnished with works by Leleu, Prou, Baguès and Bernard Dunand.

The full set of boiseries was later sold by Christie's in Paris on March 29, 2011 for € 2.2M, lot 25. Considered in period as a French treasure, it has been authorized to leave France and was sold for £ 3.3M by Phillips on June 30, 2021, lot 33. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.

The next lot, 34, in the Phillips sale is a 3 m long banquette (daybed) from the same fumoir, was sold for £ 400K. It is signed by Hamanaka in 1932 for the black lacquer and in 1935 for the frame.

Ein Meisterwerk des französischen #artdeco wird Anfang Mai in London versteigert.

— Barnebys.de (@Barnebysde) April 21, 2021

1936 Gypsum Cabinet by Frank
2014 SOLD for € 3.7M by Sotheby's

The Parisian Art Décoratif is sumptuous : after the First World War, customers expect a new style of life. Jean-Michel Frank is one of the most avant-gardist designers. His work must be analyzed in the broader context of the art history.

Frank is an aesthete, inspired by Proust and friend of Crevel and Cocteau. For his customers and for his own use, he creates a minimalist theme, strictly geometric. He uses any material provided that it is close to white. His inlay blends the luxury of galuchat or parchment with rougher materials such as straw or burlap.

The main role is given to the light that illuminates the matt surfaces unsoiled by the usual accessories such as handles or hinges, carefully hidden. The goal is an atmosphere of asceticism. The style of Frank has been named the Luxe du rien.

On March 11, 2014, Sotheby's sold for € 3.7M from a lower estimate of € 400K a cabinet with gypsum panels, lot 63. Probably made for his personal use, this small piece of furniture 109 x 75 x 22 cm was exhibited in 1936 and now comes from the Félix Marcilhac collection. This is apparently the only identified use of gypsum in a cabinet by Jean-Michel Frank.

The art of Frank was adapted to the demands of the aesthetes of the time of his youth. Times change and he fails to follow. He committed suicide in 1941 at age 46. One of his former collaborators was to become one of the most famous artists : Alberto Giacometti.

His work was forgotten until 1963 and his minimalism could not have inspired Klein or Fontana. It must be looked beyond : the atmosphere of the creations of Jean-Michel Frank anticipates the quests by Judd on the use of light.

The same 2014 auction also listed shagreen furniture by the same designer : a pair of armchairs ca 1928 was sold for € 750K and a coiffeuse ca 1925 for € 375K.

1937 Enfilade by Printz and Dunand
2019 SOLD for $ 5.5M by Christie's

Eugène Printz, a cabinetmaker, had worked with Chareau. Jean Dunand, a decorator, is a lacquerer and dinandier, specialist in bright surfaces and already famous for his panels and his screens. The dinanderie is the art of using non-precious metals in decoration.

Their skills are complementary and their fruitful collaboration lasts from 1928 until the death of Dunand in 1942. Their joint production consists mainly of sideboards : buffets, enfilades, bahuts. The style meets the canons of Art Déco : geometric simplicity of forms, beauty of surfaces.


A cabinet 125 x 160 x 30 cm made in 1930-1931 by Printz and Dunand was sold for € 1,26M by Christie's on November 27, 2007, lot 331.

A cabinet in enfilade 93 x 200 x 44 cm made circa 1937 was sold for $ 5.5M by Christie's on June 4, 2019, lot 43. This enfilade had been kept by Printz for his own collection. It is indeed a superb example of the later period of the French Art Déco.


Its rectangular cabinet in palmwood is perfectly balanced, altogether low and shallow to provide a sense of lightness. Its suite of ten doors cover the whole height of the façade, with no visible structure or handle.

It is also exceptional by the full covering of all the door panels in a dinanderie of various patterns on angled metal leaves, suggesting the folds of a Japanese screen. These fragile elements have been kept in an excellent condition.

1952 Ours Polaire by Royère
2023 SOLD for $ 3.4M by Christie's

Influenced by Ruhlmann and Printz, Jean Royère opened his workshop and store in Paris in 1943. He managed to define a post war way of life through interior decoration using undulating forms. His Ondulation series of tables and chairs supported by metal tubes and suspended balls was released in 1946.

Originally designated as Boule, his Ours Polaire suite of seats was conceived in 1947 in a bulkier style, in the quest of an improved simplicity. Its unprecedented comfort appeals to the senses of the sitter, including the position of body and arm and the caressing of a soft upholstery.

A full Ours Polaire set was sold for $ 840K by Phillips on December 16, 2014, lot 26 and for $ 3.4M by Christie's on March 9, 2023, lot 16. It is made of a sofa and two armchairs in their original celery green mohair fabric sourced from Italy in 1952.

A single Ours Polaire canapé from ca 1962 in ash wood that retained its original velvet was sold for € 1.1M by Christie's on June 30, 2020, lot 9.
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