Coins 1000-1775
1257 The Failure of the Gold Penny
2021 SOLD for $ 720K including premium
Gold coins of Byzantine and Arabic origins were sufficient for international trade. Local circulation was managed in silver coins. The new influx of gold into Europe is a direct consequence of the Crusades. In 1252 Florence creates the florin in pure gold weighing 54 grains corresponding to 3.5 grams.
Other European countries want to follow the success of the florin. In England gold reserves begin to accumulate. In 1257 King Henry III commissions his goldsmith William of Gloucester to create a gold penny of 45 grains with an official value of 20 pence.
Arithmetic did not match : the gold penny was deliberately undervalued by about 20%. The London merchants represented by the Lord Mayor formally challenged this scam that threatened the silver coinage. King Henry was unpopular. His Lusignan advisers were hated. His foreign policy was indecisive and expensive. He had no choice but to give up. The acceptance of a gold penny by a creditor ceased to be mandatory a few months after its launch.
The following year is much worse, with catastrophic harvests. The coup of Simon de Montfort puts an end to the government of this incompetent king. This totally failed experiment for an English gold-silver bimetallism falls into complete oblivion within a few years.
Most of these gold penny coins, heavier than their official value and no more supported by the government, were very early melted. Eight pieces survived. One of them, close to perfection, graded MS63 by NGC, is estimated $ 250K for sale by Heritage in Dallas on January 21, 2021, lot 31154.
The tweets below were issued when this coin was listed by the same auction house for a sale in January 2018. It was withdrawn.
Other European countries want to follow the success of the florin. In England gold reserves begin to accumulate. In 1257 King Henry III commissions his goldsmith William of Gloucester to create a gold penny of 45 grains with an official value of 20 pence.
Arithmetic did not match : the gold penny was deliberately undervalued by about 20%. The London merchants represented by the Lord Mayor formally challenged this scam that threatened the silver coinage. King Henry was unpopular. His Lusignan advisers were hated. His foreign policy was indecisive and expensive. He had no choice but to give up. The acceptance of a gold penny by a creditor ceased to be mandatory a few months after its launch.
The following year is much worse, with catastrophic harvests. The coup of Simon de Montfort puts an end to the government of this incompetent king. This totally failed experiment for an English gold-silver bimetallism falls into complete oblivion within a few years.
Most of these gold penny coins, heavier than their official value and no more supported by the government, were very early melted. Eight pieces survived. One of them, close to perfection, graded MS63 by NGC, is estimated $ 250K for sale by Heritage in Dallas on January 21, 2021, lot 31154.
The tweets below were issued when this coin was listed by the same auction house for a sale in January 2018. It was withdrawn.
More than 6,000 Lots from around the globe drawing massive interest at Heritage’s NYINC World and #AncientCoins Auction.
— Heritage Coins (@heritagecoins) December 22, 2017
First English #goldcoin could bring $500,000+
https://t.co/aGOk5euav3 #Worldcoins #HeritageAuctions pic.twitter.com/Ak1IPaUIYB
Happy Tuesday Twitter friends ~ We hope your 2018 is off to a good start. If you are a collector of coins, there's quite a few 'pretty pennies' or more accurately, rare pennies, up for bid this month through Heritage Auctions. Learn more: https://t.co/FtYfSzxTQL pic.twitter.com/f74NwWRDaG
— Antique Trader (@AntiqueTrader) January 2, 2018
1588 Oval Coinage in Japan
2021 SOLD for $ 1.92M by Stack's Bowers
During the Tensho period, the weakness of the emperors brought absolute power to the regent Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who set out to unify and pacify Japan.
To develop trade, Hideyoshi needs a gold coin. The very first, in the 16th year of Tensho corresponding to 1588 CE, is the oban defined by a weight of 10 ryo, of the variety Tensho hishi oban.
This coin is a 146 x 85 mm oval plaque weighing 165 grams. It is molded but not struck, and the weight is adjusted by plugs. It has ink inscriptions on both sides. On the obverse, the hallmarks feature the ornamental paulownia tree which is Hideyoshi's heraldic symbol, some inside a hishi lozenge and others inside a circle. The ink inscriptions include the identification of the date and of the Goto family of goldmiths, and the guaranteed weight of 10 ryo.
In 1595 the first attempt at mass production, around 10,000 pieces per year for five years, is the variety Tensho naga oban, so named because it is longer, 170 mm. The hishi is replaced by a hexagon.
Hideyoshi's successor, Tokugawa Ieyasu, generalizes this monetary system by adding silver and bronze denominations. The gold coin weighing 1 ryo is the koban. The goryoban will be the 5 ryo coin.
Six Tensho hishi oban have survived. One of them graded Extremely Fine was sold for CHF 1.1M before fees by Hess Divo on May 22, 2015, lot 1226.
On April 6 in Hong Kong, Stack's Bowers disperses a highly rare collection of 22 Japanese oval gold coins from the origins until the Komei era, just before the abolition of the Tokugawa system in the Meiji era in 1867, lots 50021 to 50042. Here is the link to the catalog. Lot 50021 is a Tensho hishi oban graded MS 60 by PCGS, estimated US $ 700K.
To develop trade, Hideyoshi needs a gold coin. The very first, in the 16th year of Tensho corresponding to 1588 CE, is the oban defined by a weight of 10 ryo, of the variety Tensho hishi oban.
This coin is a 146 x 85 mm oval plaque weighing 165 grams. It is molded but not struck, and the weight is adjusted by plugs. It has ink inscriptions on both sides. On the obverse, the hallmarks feature the ornamental paulownia tree which is Hideyoshi's heraldic symbol, some inside a hishi lozenge and others inside a circle. The ink inscriptions include the identification of the date and of the Goto family of goldmiths, and the guaranteed weight of 10 ryo.
In 1595 the first attempt at mass production, around 10,000 pieces per year for five years, is the variety Tensho naga oban, so named because it is longer, 170 mm. The hishi is replaced by a hexagon.
Hideyoshi's successor, Tokugawa Ieyasu, generalizes this monetary system by adding silver and bronze denominations. The gold coin weighing 1 ryo is the koban. The goryoban will be the 5 ryo coin.
Six Tensho hishi oban have survived. One of them graded Extremely Fine was sold for CHF 1.1M before fees by Hess Divo on May 22, 2015, lot 1226.
On April 6 in Hong Kong, Stack's Bowers disperses a highly rare collection of 22 Japanese oval gold coins from the origins until the Komei era, just before the abolition of the Tokugawa system in the Meiji era in 1867, lots 50021 to 50042. Here is the link to the catalog. Lot 50021 is a Tensho hishi oban graded MS 60 by PCGS, estimated US $ 700K.
1588 Tensho Hishi Oban
2015 SOLD for CHF 1.1M before fees par Hess Divo
Link to catalogue on Sixbid bidding platform.
1621 The Ducats of King Sigismund
2018 SOLD for $ 2.16M including premium
One of the six known original copies of the 100 Dukat gold coin dated 1621 with the effigy of King Sigismund III was sold for $ 1.38M including premium by Stack's on January 14, 2008. This piece in extremely fine condition is estimated $ 2M for sale by CNG (Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.) in New York on January 10, lot 1127.
The sharpness of the strike on such a large item is exceptional for its time. The rim circle and the centering of the unit for sale are almost perfect : 69.4 x 69.1 cm. It is 4.9 mm thick and weighs 349.49 grams. Tiny hairlines subsequent from handling are inevitable because of the malleability of gold. The coin is signed I.I. and S.A. It could only be used for presentation.
No previous edition is comparable. The 100 ducats coin issued in 1629 for King Ferdinand of Hungary and Bohemia, later the Emperor Ferdinand III, is of similar design with the portrait of the monarch on one side and royal shields on the other.
The coin lists the titles of Sigismund III Vasa as King of Poland and Sweden and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Masuria, Samogitia and Livonia. The king is decorated with the Order of the Golden Fleece as a sign of allegiance to the Habsburgs.
Sigismund was a fervent Catholic born in a Protestant dynasty. He wanted to take over the throne of Sweden which he had lost for that reason in 1599 and was unpopular in Poland. At the beginning of the Thirty Years War, Poland was threatened with an invasion by the Turks but he did not participate directly in the resistance of the Khotyn Fortress in Moldavia against the Ottoman army in 1621. The conjunction of date of the 100 ducats coin with this heroic event is a mere coincidence or an opportunity.
Jacob Jacobson van Emden who signed with his Latinized initials I.I. was since 1616 the mint master in Bydgoszcz (Bromberg). The 100 ducats coin is a demonstration of his know-how which undoubtedly helped him to obtain from 1623 a direct or indirect responsibility over six other royal mints. The initials S.A. designate the engraver Samuel Ammon.
The sharpness of the strike on such a large item is exceptional for its time. The rim circle and the centering of the unit for sale are almost perfect : 69.4 x 69.1 cm. It is 4.9 mm thick and weighs 349.49 grams. Tiny hairlines subsequent from handling are inevitable because of the malleability of gold. The coin is signed I.I. and S.A. It could only be used for presentation.
No previous edition is comparable. The 100 ducats coin issued in 1629 for King Ferdinand of Hungary and Bohemia, later the Emperor Ferdinand III, is of similar design with the portrait of the monarch on one side and royal shields on the other.
The coin lists the titles of Sigismund III Vasa as King of Poland and Sweden and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Masuria, Samogitia and Livonia. The king is decorated with the Order of the Golden Fleece as a sign of allegiance to the Habsburgs.
Sigismund was a fervent Catholic born in a Protestant dynasty. He wanted to take over the throne of Sweden which he had lost for that reason in 1599 and was unpopular in Poland. At the beginning of the Thirty Years War, Poland was threatened with an invasion by the Turks but he did not participate directly in the resistance of the Khotyn Fortress in Moldavia against the Ottoman army in 1621. The conjunction of date of the 100 ducats coin with this heroic event is a mere coincidence or an opportunity.
Jacob Jacobson van Emden who signed with his Latinized initials I.I. was since 1616 the mint master in Bydgoszcz (Bromberg). The 100 ducats coin is a demonstration of his know-how which undoubtedly helped him to obtain from 1623 a direct or indirect responsibility over six other royal mints. The initials S.A. designate the engraver Samuel Ammon.
Exceedingly rare Poland commemorative 100 Dukat (349.49 grams) of Zygmunt III Wasa, celebrating 1621 victory over Ottomans, offered by CNG at 46th New York International Numismatic Convention, 10 January 2018, is one of the largest gold coins ever struck. https://t.co/I1Ad44EOqD pic.twitter.com/90dcByCj9A
— Ancient Nomos (@ANAMCurator) December 8, 2017
1640 The Warin Gold
2019 SOLD for CHF 700K before fees
The edict of March 31, 1640 modernizes the French coinage. The louis replaces the écu as the reference unit for gold coins. This reform aims to make it more difficult to counterfeit and to reduce the circulation in France of the Spanish pistole. The screw press, replacing the hammer, provides an excellent repeatability of the coins. The rim is fluted to prevent the clipping. The operation is entrusted to the Contrôleur Général des Monnaies, Jean Warin.
The circulation coins are the double-louis, the louis and the demi-louis. To launch this operation, coins of 10 louis, 8 louis and 4 louis are also released, in very small quantities. They enter into the category of 'pièces d'hommage' or 'pièces de plaisir'. They have not been documented in period and the only supposed use is at the king's gaming table. Such an operation will never be repeated and these coins are the most prestigious in the history of the French currency.
The cardinal de Richelieu, minister of Louis XIII, was the instigator of this reform. He took the opportunity to skilfully reduce the gold content from 0.958 to 0.917.
They display on one side the portrait of Louis XIII in profile and the date 1640. The bust is naked for the 4 and 8 louis and draped for the 10 louis. The other side shows the attributes of royalty, crowns, fleurs-de-lis, intertwined L's which form a cross, and the letter A which designates the Paris workshop.
An 8 louis weighing 53.68 g was sold for € 210K including premium by Rouillac on June 11, 2017. A 4 louis weighing 26.86 g was sold for € 290K including premium by Briscadieu on September 20, 2019.
On November 19 in Geneva, NGSA (Numismatica Genevensis) sells an example of the heaviest French gold coin, a 10 louis weighing 67.49 g, with a starting bid of CHF 500K, lot 657 here linked on the Biddr auction platform.
The circulation coins are the double-louis, the louis and the demi-louis. To launch this operation, coins of 10 louis, 8 louis and 4 louis are also released, in very small quantities. They enter into the category of 'pièces d'hommage' or 'pièces de plaisir'. They have not been documented in period and the only supposed use is at the king's gaming table. Such an operation will never be repeated and these coins are the most prestigious in the history of the French currency.
The cardinal de Richelieu, minister of Louis XIII, was the instigator of this reform. He took the opportunity to skilfully reduce the gold content from 0.958 to 0.917.
They display on one side the portrait of Louis XIII in profile and the date 1640. The bust is naked for the 4 and 8 louis and draped for the 10 louis. The other side shows the attributes of royalty, crowns, fleurs-de-lis, intertwined L's which form a cross, and the letter A which designates the Paris workshop.
An 8 louis weighing 53.68 g was sold for € 210K including premium by Rouillac on June 11, 2017. A 4 louis weighing 26.86 g was sold for € 290K including premium by Briscadieu on September 20, 2019.
On November 19 in Geneva, NGSA (Numismatica Genevensis) sells an example of the heaviest French gold coin, a 10 louis weighing 67.49 g, with a starting bid of CHF 500K, lot 657 here linked on the Biddr auction platform.
1657 Cromwell Gold Coin
2021 SOLD for £ 470K including premium by Dix Noonan Webb
narrated post sale
Oliver Cromwell takes in 1653 the title of Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. The gold and silver coins designed for the new regime, dated 1656 and minted in the summer of 1657, are a blend of tradition and modernism.
The team is highly experienced. The medalist Thomas Simon was chief engraver for the late King Charles I. The engineer Pierre Blondeau came from Paris to London in 1649 at the request of the Commonwealth to implement Warin's modern striking techniques. In order for his coins to look magnificent, Cromwell asks to use a screw press.
The half-crown is in silver, and the 20 shillings named the broad is in gold. The values are not marked, which suggests that they are pattern coins.
The illustration responds to Cromwell's megalomania. The Lord Protector is in profile in the laureate bust of a Roman Emperor. The inscriptions are in Latin, including the motto Pax quaeritur bello (seeking peace by waging war). The reverse is a crowned coat of arms, testifying to the monarchical ambition of the new master.
The 50 shilling dated 1656 is the only case of this denomination in British coinage. This pattern or presentation coin was undoubtedly made in a single production batch as a piedfort from the broad with the same dies but thicker planchets. The edge is inscribed unlike that of the broad which is grained, both as a precaution against clipping. It weighs 22.7 g for a diameter of 30 mm. About twelve units have survived.
One of them, in extremely fine condition except for a few minor marks, was sold by Dix Noonan Webb on January 21, 2021 for £ 470K including premium from a lower estimate of £ 100K, lot 1142. The link to the catalog is in the tweet below. The plan for a circulation release of Cromwell's gold and silver coins was canceled upon his death in 1658.
The team is highly experienced. The medalist Thomas Simon was chief engraver for the late King Charles I. The engineer Pierre Blondeau came from Paris to London in 1649 at the request of the Commonwealth to implement Warin's modern striking techniques. In order for his coins to look magnificent, Cromwell asks to use a screw press.
The half-crown is in silver, and the 20 shillings named the broad is in gold. The values are not marked, which suggests that they are pattern coins.
The illustration responds to Cromwell's megalomania. The Lord Protector is in profile in the laureate bust of a Roman Emperor. The inscriptions are in Latin, including the motto Pax quaeritur bello (seeking peace by waging war). The reverse is a crowned coat of arms, testifying to the monarchical ambition of the new master.
The 50 shilling dated 1656 is the only case of this denomination in British coinage. This pattern or presentation coin was undoubtedly made in a single production batch as a piedfort from the broad with the same dies but thicker planchets. The edge is inscribed unlike that of the broad which is grained, both as a precaution against clipping. It weighs 22.7 g for a diameter of 30 mm. About twelve units have survived.
One of them, in extremely fine condition except for a few minor marks, was sold by Dix Noonan Webb on January 21, 2021 for £ 470K including premium from a lower estimate of £ 100K, lot 1142. The link to the catalog is in the tweet below. The plan for a circulation release of Cromwell's gold and silver coins was canceled upon his death in 1658.
The extremely fine + rare 1656 gold Oliver Cromwell 50 shilling by Thomas Simon sold for a World Record Price of £471,200 yesterday!
— Dix Noonan Webb (@DixNoonanWebb) January 22, 2021
“This is the best collection of Cromwellania and the prices in the sale reflected the importance of these coins”https://t.co/GSHxmIPhaw pic.twitter.com/ZmtnmQUEak
1662 Charles II Pattern Crown
2021 SOLD for $ 780K including premium by Heritage
Link to catalogue.
1703 Vigo Five guineas
2019 SOLD for $ 1.08M including premium by Baldwin's of Saint James's
narrated in 2020
In 1702 the English have failed to take the port of Cadiz and divert their effort into Vigo Bay where a train of boats has just arrived from Havana, bringing to Europe the wealth of America. The war treasure captured by the English in Vigo is significant.
Gold is rare in England. In 1703 the metal seized in Vigo is used to mint coins with the effigy of Queen Anne. The largest denomination is the five guineas, a superb achievement weighing more than 40 grams. Its total population is estimated at 20 units in two basic variants differentiated by the position of the word VIGO centered under the bust or offset under the shoulder. The VIGO beneath shoulder is the rarer.
On February 9, 2016, St. James's sold for £ 275K before fees an example in very good condition of the VIGO beneath shoulder, graded AU55 by PCGS.
Another VIGO beneath shoulder was sold for £ 280K including premium by Boningtons on Novemner 16, 2016. It had just been resurfaced by the consignor from a "pirate treasure" that had been constituted for him many years earlier by his grandfather who had been a lover of travels and coins.
On January 13, 2019, Baldwin's of Saint James's, successor to St. James's, sold another example for $ 1.08M including premium. This VIGO beneath shoulder has a slightly different position of the VIGO hallmark. It may have been a prototype whose irregular letter height in that mark was not acceptable for the rest of the production. This coin is graded Mint State 62 by PCGS and is perfectly centered.
Gold is rare in England. In 1703 the metal seized in Vigo is used to mint coins with the effigy of Queen Anne. The largest denomination is the five guineas, a superb achievement weighing more than 40 grams. Its total population is estimated at 20 units in two basic variants differentiated by the position of the word VIGO centered under the bust or offset under the shoulder. The VIGO beneath shoulder is the rarer.
On February 9, 2016, St. James's sold for £ 275K before fees an example in very good condition of the VIGO beneath shoulder, graded AU55 by PCGS.
Another VIGO beneath shoulder was sold for £ 280K including premium by Boningtons on Novemner 16, 2016. It had just been resurfaced by the consignor from a "pirate treasure" that had been constituted for him many years earlier by his grandfather who had been a lover of travels and coins.
On January 13, 2019, Baldwin's of Saint James's, successor to St. James's, sold another example for $ 1.08M including premium. This VIGO beneath shoulder has a slightly different position of the VIGO hallmark. It may have been a prototype whose irregular letter height in that mark was not acceptable for the rest of the production. This coin is graded Mint State 62 by PCGS and is perfectly centered.
1731 George II Five Guineas
2021 SOLD for $ 660K including premium by Heritage
Link to catalogue.
1740 The Ioann Ruble
2012 SOLD 3.6 MCHF before fees by Sincona
narrated in 2020
The very unpopular Empress Anna Ivanovna is ill and has no children. She designates a new born baby to succeed her, her grand-nephew Ioann Antonovich, under the regency of her former lover. When she dies in October 1740, the Crown Prince is two months old.
The Saint-Petersburg mint prepares the coins for the future reign. The pattern silver rubles dated 1740 bear on the obverse the Cyrillic inscription Ioann III by the grace of God Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia. On the same side, the traditional imperial effigy is replaced by a large 3 interlaced with two I. The reverse is illustrated with the two-headed eagle with its attributes : the crown, the shield, the scepter and the orb.
This design is immediately obsolete : the child's reign name is not Ioann III but Ivan VI. Only five units have been identified. One of them was sold for CHF 3.6M before fees by Sincona on October 9, 2012, lot 227 here linked on the NumisBids auction platform. The location of the other four has not been established.
In 1741 the child grew up and the new rubles are minted with his effigy at one year old. His father overthrew the regent. The Russians fear the return of the German influence and overthrow the child and his mother by a coup d'état in December 1741. Ivan VI's coins are redeemed and their possession is made illegal.
Another difficult succession will generate in 1825 the other top rarity of the Romanov numismatics, the pattern ruble prepared in the name and effigy of Grand Duke Constantine before he formally refuses to ascend the throne. Eight units are known.
The Saint-Petersburg mint prepares the coins for the future reign. The pattern silver rubles dated 1740 bear on the obverse the Cyrillic inscription Ioann III by the grace of God Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia. On the same side, the traditional imperial effigy is replaced by a large 3 interlaced with two I. The reverse is illustrated with the two-headed eagle with its attributes : the crown, the shield, the scepter and the orb.
This design is immediately obsolete : the child's reign name is not Ioann III but Ivan VI. Only five units have been identified. One of them was sold for CHF 3.6M before fees by Sincona on October 9, 2012, lot 227 here linked on the NumisBids auction platform. The location of the other four has not been established.
In 1741 the child grew up and the new rubles are minted with his effigy at one year old. His father overthrew the regent. The Russians fear the return of the German influence and overthrow the child and his mother by a coup d'état in December 1741. Ivan VI's coins are redeemed and their possession is made illegal.
Another difficult succession will generate in 1825 the other top rarity of the Romanov numismatics, the pattern ruble prepared in the name and effigy of Grand Duke Constantine before he formally refuses to ascend the throne. Eight units are known.
1741 The 20 Ducat Gold Coin of Basel
2014 SOLD for CHF 800K before fees
In 1741, Basel is a wealthy city supported by its silk industry. The gold coin of 20 ducats is a masterpiece of the numismatics of its time and perhaps the most beautiful of all Swiss coins. Weighing more than 67 g, it represents a considerable amount of money which explains its extreme rarity.
On November 25 in Geneva, Numismatica Genevensis sells a presentation specimen of this coin in a stunning condition, lot 581 estimated CHF 500K. Here is the link to the site of the auction house.
The engraving is very sharp and very attractive, with Basel symbols including a spectacular basilisk with outspread wings, the coat of arms of the city and the arms of the eight associated municipalities, plus a cornucopia. One side displays a wide panoramic view of Basel with the houses over the Rhine, a bridge and two boats.
The only other surviving copy, in poorer condition, is preserved in the museum of Zurich.
I invite you to play the video shared by Numismatica Genevensis showing the great quality of carving of the Basel cityscape :
On November 25 in Geneva, Numismatica Genevensis sells a presentation specimen of this coin in a stunning condition, lot 581 estimated CHF 500K. Here is the link to the site of the auction house.
The engraving is very sharp and very attractive, with Basel symbols including a spectacular basilisk with outspread wings, the coat of arms of the city and the arms of the eight associated municipalities, plus a cornucopia. One side displays a wide panoramic view of Basel with the houses over the Rhine, a bridge and two boats.
The only other surviving copy, in poorer condition, is preserved in the museum of Zurich.
I invite you to play the video shared by Numismatica Genevensis showing the great quality of carving of the Basel cityscape :
1755 The Double Imperial of Elizabeth Petrovna
2008 SOLD for £ 1.8M including premium by St. James's
narrated in 2021
Elizabeth Petrovna, a daughter of Peter the Great, seized power in Russia by a coup in 1741. Her reign was a compromise between the difficult temperament of the Empress and the desire of the court to imitate French luxury.
A gold coinage becomes necessary for international trade. The first issues are released in 1755 in two denominations, 10 rubles and 5 rubles. The obverse is the portrait already used on silver coins, carefully calculated and judiciously reduced so that no one comes to comment on the shape of the imperial nose. The reverse is centered with the two-headed eagle surrounded by a rosette of four crowned coats of arms symbolizing the union of Siberia, Moscow, Kazan and Astrakhan.
In this megalomaniacal surge, the St. Petersburg Mint is preparing a denomination of 20 rubles with the same figures. The coin demonstrated to the Senate in August 1755 is undoubtedly the only copy minted. The 'double imperial' project did not receive authorization from the Empress and was abandoned. It remains the highest denomination ever attempted for the imperial coinage.
In the following year, the list of gold coins is extended to lower denominations which compete with the silver ruble.
The 20 ruble specimen weighs 33.14 g with a diameter of 37 mm in standard .917 gold. It is very well centered although its cut is not perfectly circular. This coin graded AU-58 by NGC was sold for £ 1.8M including premium by St. James's on November 6, 2008.
A gold coinage becomes necessary for international trade. The first issues are released in 1755 in two denominations, 10 rubles and 5 rubles. The obverse is the portrait already used on silver coins, carefully calculated and judiciously reduced so that no one comes to comment on the shape of the imperial nose. The reverse is centered with the two-headed eagle surrounded by a rosette of four crowned coats of arms symbolizing the union of Siberia, Moscow, Kazan and Astrakhan.
In this megalomaniacal surge, the St. Petersburg Mint is preparing a denomination of 20 rubles with the same figures. The coin demonstrated to the Senate in August 1755 is undoubtedly the only copy minted. The 'double imperial' project did not receive authorization from the Empress and was abandoned. It remains the highest denomination ever attempted for the imperial coinage.
In the following year, the list of gold coins is extended to lower denominations which compete with the silver ruble.
The 20 ruble specimen weighs 33.14 g with a diameter of 37 mm in standard .917 gold. It is very well centered although its cut is not perfectly circular. This coin graded AU-58 by NGC was sold for £ 1.8M including premium by St. James's on November 6, 2008.
1766 The Early Maturity of Catherine the Great
2012 SOLD 800 K$ before fees
Peter was the heir to the throne of Russia. His wife Catherine regarded him as an idiot and a drunkard. Becoming Tsar in 1762, Peter III was overthrown after six months by a coup in which he was assassinated. Catherine the Great, of Prussian origin, would now be able to introduce in Russia the influence of the European culture of her time.
The first coins depicting the new Empress showed the face of a young woman.
This ambitious certainly wished offering another figure of herself to better enforce her authority. In 1763, her enthroned portrait by Rokotov flatters the maturity of this 34 year old woman, already imposing and ruling.
In 1766, a new rouble is prepared, with a bust profiled to the right which may have been inspired by the painting of Rokotov. The engraving is very sharp compared to the regular Russian coinage of the time. A few specimens are made, but this pattern coin will never be released.
One of three known pieces is estimated $ 1M, for sale by Baldwin's in New York on January 5. The estimate may seem high, but Russian art collectors often outbid for imperial rarities.
This coin is illustrated in the release shared by CoinWeek. The other side shows a two-headed eagle. I complete the iconography of this article by inviting you to view on Wikipedia the portrait of Catherine the Great by Rokotov.
POST SALE COMMENT
I feared that this lot would be difficult to sell. Although it remained below the estimate, I consider that the price, $ 800K before fees, is excellent.
The first coins depicting the new Empress showed the face of a young woman.
This ambitious certainly wished offering another figure of herself to better enforce her authority. In 1763, her enthroned portrait by Rokotov flatters the maturity of this 34 year old woman, already imposing and ruling.
In 1766, a new rouble is prepared, with a bust profiled to the right which may have been inspired by the painting of Rokotov. The engraving is very sharp compared to the regular Russian coinage of the time. A few specimens are made, but this pattern coin will never be released.
One of three known pieces is estimated $ 1M, for sale by Baldwin's in New York on January 5. The estimate may seem high, but Russian art collectors often outbid for imperial rarities.
This coin is illustrated in the release shared by CoinWeek. The other side shows a two-headed eagle. I complete the iconography of this article by inviting you to view on Wikipedia the portrait of Catherine the Great by Rokotov.
POST SALE COMMENT
I feared that this lot would be difficult to sell. Although it remained below the estimate, I consider that the price, $ 800K before fees, is excellent.
1773 George III Pattern Five Guineas
2021 SOLD for $ 750K including premium by Heritage
Link to catalogue.
⭐⭐Rare George III Proof Pattern 5 Guineas⭐⭐
— Heritage Auctions - Coins (@heritagecoins) February 26, 2021
George III gold Proof Pattern 5 Guineas 1773 PR64 Cameo NGC.
Lot No. 30319 I March 25-27 The Paramount Collection of World & Ancient Coins Sale No. 3096https://t.co/uROHGjeLf7#WorldCoins #Numismatics #CoinCollectors pic.twitter.com/ibQh2rkBkj
