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  • Work in Progress

Decade 1920-1929

Except otherwise stated, all results include the premium.
​See also : Groups  Nude  Man and woman  Self portrait II  Children  Landscape  Orientalism  Music and dance  USA  US painting < 1940  Hopper  France  Degas  Matisse  Miro  Mondrian   Russia and Eastern Europe  Chagall  Picasso 1907-1931  Sculpture by painters  French sculpture  China  Modern China  Mountains in China
1910-1919

(1917)-1920 Olga by Picasso
2017 SOLD for $ 30.5M by Christie's

Times are hard. Pablo Picasso had provided a formidable boost to modern art with the Demoiselles and then with the analytical Cubism using or imitating collages. Competitors follow with enthusiasm but customers are rare for this art that is too intellectual, especially in that period of war. A return to classicism becomes vital but Picasso can not get rid of his avant-garde ambition.

Around 1916 he attempts a new approach by simplifying the geometric shapes and by reducing the number of elements. The readability remains difficult except perhaps in the still life. To convince his audience Picasso indeed needs to convince himself.

He realizes two portraits of Olga in the same format, based on the same photograph. One of them is realistic in the style of Ingres, the other is Cubist. The artist wants to demonstrate that the impression offered to the viewer by a work of art does not depend on the style.

Zervos considers that both paintings were started simultaneously in 1917. The Ingresque portrait is finished early. The Cubist portrait is continually reworked until 1920. The result is as luminous as a stained glass window with its solid colors enclosed in outlines of white stripes bordered by a black line. The woman maintains an identical attitude on both images.

The use of the Cubist portrait like a piece of laboratory for the development of a new style is at no doubt. Picasso kept this work throughout his life, certainly not in memory of Olga but as a demonstrator of the evolution of his art in that difficult period of his career.

The Cubist portrait, oil on canvas 130 x 89 cm, was sold for $ 30.5M from a lower estimate of $ 20M by Christie's on May 15, 2017, lot 7 A offered along with seven other major artworks for the benefit of the Cleveland Clinic Heart and Vascular Institute. Please watch the video in which Christie's introduces the whole set.
Picasso 1907-1931
1920

1920-1922 Mystic Suprematism by Malevich
​2015 SOLD for $ 38M by Sotheby's

In the early phase of Suprematism, some works by Malevich still make concessions to competing movements. His cohorts of stripes more or less parallel in various colors seek to express the movement as in the Futurism in an assembly which appears hand made as in the Synthetic Cubism or in the Constructivism.

On November 5, 2015, Sotheby's sold for $ 38M Mystic Suprematism, oil on canvas 100 x 59 cm painted between 1920 and 1922, lot 8.

A black cross is flying in front of a deep red oval. The pole of the cross and the oval are coaxial. The pole is a quadrangle that slightly tapers downward, bringing an effect of forward tilting. The additional small black line that runs across the lower part of the pole is used for balancing, allowing the viewer to decide if that indefinable abstract object is or not about to fall.

Suprematism is already announcing the major trends of abstract art of the second half of its century, which will use the expressive role of the colors. It is unfortunate that Malevich did not experience the importance of large size. To go further than Suprematism, wait for Rothko.

Kazimir Malevich’s “Mystic Suprematism” represents the artist at his most radical and powerful http://t.co/ZVK8UCMZxo pic.twitter.com/9iGywjP92q

— Sotheby's (@Sothebys) September 18, 2015
Russia and Eastern Europe

Composition by MONDRIAN

​1
1922
2025 SOLD for $ 48M by Christie's

Without desiring it, Piet Mondrian is a distant successor to the Iconoclasts. This mystic finds inspiration in theosophy. The artist can express the mystery of the world by abandoning completely the figuration.

Unlike Miro, Mondrian does not invite the viewer to interpret. He seeks his own way, which is as unresolved and endless as that of Kafka's surveyor.

Malevich had understood that the quintessence of art is pure white. Mondrian adds strictly horizontal and vertical thick black lines. Their conjunction can generate an interrupt, but the strictly orthogonal angles attract no fantasy.

The world is not made up of black and white but of colors. The three basic pure colors are enough to announce all its diversity. Red, yellow and blue each one fills a dedicated area bounded by the black lines.

After joining van Doesburg, Piet Mondrian is the theoretician and soon the leader of the Neo-Plasticism, linked with the De Stijl movement. In the wake of Malevich's Suprematism, he starts a quest for purity through a total abstraction.

Mondrian's abstract style, rigorous and thorough, is repetitive, even though the position of horizontal and vertical lines and of colored boxes is always different. The inevitable edge of the canvas disrupts the will of the artist to reach infinity. He also experiments a lozenge position of the canvas.

​
A Composition with Large red plane, Bluish gray, Yellow, Black and Blue, oil on canvas 54 x 53 m painted by Mondrian in Paris in 1922, has some specific features. The central squared plane, connected to the edges by the rest of the the structure, is a very large mesmerizing red. White is not used, superseded by a light bluish gray. The two vertical bars terminate at a same height just shy of the upper edge.

It was sold for $ 48M by Christie's on May 12, 2025, lot 13A.

The oil on canvas from the Saint-Laurent collection, a straight 80 x 50 cm painted in 1922, is a simple composition on a grey background. The space is divided into four parts: the top has three boxes including a blue one and a very thin red stripe, a narrow stripe on the right goes down in two boxes in turn yellow and black, two cases in the lower left repeat the pattern of the top, and a wide empty box holds the dominant center of the canvas to the left edge.

It was sold for € 21.6M on February 23, 2009 by 
Christie's, lot 42.

Next, Piet Mondrian's 'Composition with Large Red Plane, Bluish Gray, Yellow, Black and Blue' achieves US$47,560,000 during Leonard & Louise Riggio: Collected Works. pic.twitter.com/jQ0D9PLJb5

— Christie's (@ChristiesInc) May 12, 2025
1922

2
​1929
2015 SOLD for $ 51M by Christie's

On a small canvas, Piet Mondrian looks for the absolute balance by drawing strictly horizontal and vertical lines which are interrupted or not when meeting. They form squares or rectangles of which some of them may seem dominant. Basically formed of non-colors, these subspaces lose their respective imbalances when some are filled with pure colors.

In 1929, the artist manages to simplify this structure to the extreme without however reaching the ultimate outcome of the squares by Malevich. Only one vertical and one horizontal lines go from edge to edge, dividing the canvas into four nearly equal areas. The broken lines complement a square over the bottom right with divided stripes on their edges.

Composition No. III with red, blue, yellow and black, 50 x 50 cm is a prototype and perhaps the most outstanding painting using this new geometry. The deep red on the top left distracts the attention away from the non-colored central square. The other two colors along with the black and a non-color fill the narrow stripes on the bottom right of the figure.

Mondrian is happy. He presents this painting to Michel Seuphor, who is one of the first critics to actively support this new conception of abstract art, and reuses this effective geometry with other color schemes.

This Composition was sold for $ 51M from a lower estimate of $ 15M by Christie's on May 14, 2015, lot 6C.

A #newworldrecord set for #PietMondrian @ChristiesInc as 'Composition III' sells for $50,565,000 pic.twitter.com/G3PTht6pTl

— Art Observed (@ArtObserved) May 14, 2015
Mondrian

1923 Odalisque couchée aux Magnolias by Matisse
​2018 SOLD for $ 81M by Christie's

Installed in Nice after the war, Henri Matisse resumes his research of colors and compositions with a serenity that Paris could not bring him. With Antoinette and even better with Henriette, he maintains an intimate connivance with his models. Their body becomes the central element of the artwork.

Henriette poses complacently because she appreciates the beauty of her athletic body. In parallel to nude studies, Matisse stages her in orientalist attires that are a new excuse for the shimmer of colors in her surroundings. Her portraits exudes her confidence in the artist without inhibiting her sensuality.

On May 8, 2018, Christie's sold for $ 81M at lot 8 Odalisque couchée aux magnolias, oil on canvas 61 x 81 cm painted in 1923. Please watch the video shared by Christie's. The nice intimacy of this artwork had seduced David and Peggy Rockefeller.

The young woman enjoys the pleasures of idleness, ready to nap or just finishing it. She is reclining on a chaise longue probably in the gate of a veranda. She wears on her shoulders a light shirt completely opened to expose the naked chest to the beneficent sun of the Côte d'Azur.

The orientalist impression is brought by the Persian harem pants which loosely cover the lower part of her body and by the screen behind her whose right panel is centered on two large magnolia flowers
Nude
Orientalism
France
Matisse
1923

1925 Twelve Landscapes by Qi Baishi
2017 SOLD for RMB 930M by Poly

The traditional Chinese graphic art is an uninterrupted series of imitations of the old masters. Bada Shanren's eccentric approach at the very beginning of the Qing dynasty is a rare exception.

Born in Hunan province into a family of poor peasants, Qi Baishi was self-taught. Settled in Beijing at the age of 53 in 1917, he drew inspiration from Bada Shanren to develop a vigorous and spontaneous line, reaching poetry through a free realism. His greatest innovation is the use of inks in very bright colors.

His themes are varied while being ordinary and peaceful : landscapes, trees, countless small things. He paints according to his own observations, is not interested in symbols and allegories and does not follow Bada Shanren in the rebellion.

Qi Baishi executed in 1925 a monumental series of twelve vertical panels in light blue, gray, brown and pink on paper 180 x 47 cm each. The simple graphic style is inspired from Bada Shanren amended by the teaching of Wu Changshuo. T
he painting technique combines outline and splashing of ink, with bright colors in between. Calligraphed poems are included.

They manage to express the variety of mountains, villages and blossoming trees, as evidenced by  the twelve individual titles (Google translation from Chinese) : "Houses on the River", "Double Shadows of Rocks", "Lonely Sail on Banqiao", "Cypress Trees", "Afterglow on the Far Shore", "Pine Trees and White Houses", "Apricots" "Flower and Grass Hall", "Fir Tree Tower", "Deep Smoke and Shadow of Sail", "Spring Rain in the Mountains", "Mangroves and White Spring", "Bantang Lotus Fragrance".

The full set had been presented by the artist to a doctor in Beijing who specialized in treating senior Kuomintang officials and also artists and literati. It was sold for RMB 930M from a lower estimate of RMB 500M by Poly on December 17, 2017, lot 2806.
 ​The image is shared by China Daily.

There is only one other similar set. Painted in 1932, it is kept in a museum in Chongqing.
Landscape
China
Mountains in China
Modern China
20th Century
1925

1927 Petite Danseuse de 14 ans by Degas (posthumous)
​​2022 SOLD for $ 42M by Christie's

An original artist with an uneasy temper, Edgar Degas was one of the most innovative graphic artists of the nineteenth century. He knew that he was close to the Impressionists and appreciated their rejection of classicism. His own creative process was very complex, as shown in the example below.

In 1879, Marie draws the attention of the artist. Aged 14, this "petit rat d'Opéra" is an ungrateful teenager, far from physiological maturity, with awkward gestures, but already attracted to her future career as a dancer (which ended before it was to start when she was fired from the dance school for repeated absences).

Degas was a painter, draftsman, sculptor, photographer, printer, but his great art was oil and pastel. He used drawing and sculpture like sketches.

On his first sculpture of Marie, 74 cm high, the girl is naked. This makes sense since the artist wants to study the movements of her body. This is not enough for him. He realized another larger statue in painted wax, a little over 1 m, in the same position, with the unconventional idea to equip it with a dancing dress in cloth and real hair. By its realism that does not reject some ugliness, this portrait of an adolescent girl is indeed a key work of modern sculpture.

As in his many pastels of ballerinas, Degas captures a moment of life which is neither from the performance nor relaxed, which may be a reverie or an exhaustion.

After much hesitation, he shows his Petite danseuse de quatorze ans at the Impressionist exhibition of 1881. After this unique event and until his death in 1917, no sculpture of the master will be exhibited.

Degas had considered that his waxes were too fragile for preparing bronze casts. In 1918 his heirs contracted Adrien Hébrard to produce limited bronze editions of all seventy-four wax sculptures found during the posthumous inventory.

Hébrard worked often on request from collectors. The first complete set of bronzes 
was finished in 1921. This activity made the founder busy up to 1938 including a total 29 casts of the Petite Danseuse.

Petite danseuse de quatorze ans was edited by Hébrard in bronze with muslin skirt and satin hair ribbon.

A bronze 103 cm high not including the wooden base was sold for 
$ 42M from a lower estimate of $ 20M for sale by Christie's on May 12, 2022, lot 2C.

This copy with brown patina was cast in 1927 by Hébrard in commission from a US collector. It is fitted with the usual muslin skirt and satin hair ribbon of that model.

A copy with a provenance history beginning in the 1930s was sold for £ 13.3M by Sotheby's on February 3, 2009, 
lot 8. 

Another example with no reference on the possible date was sold by Sotheby's for £ 15.8M on June 24, 2015, lot 14. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.

#AuctionUpdate From the Anne H. Bass Collection, Edgar Degas’s ‘Petite danseuse de quatorze ans’ broke the auction record of the artist tonight; price realized $41.6 million pic.twitter.com/Dn4JLCbWTB

— Christie's (@ChristiesInc) May 12, 2022
Children
Music and Dance in Art
Sculpture by Painters
French Sculpture
Degas
1927

1927 Etoile Bleue by Miro
2012 SOLD for £ 23.5M by Sotheby's​

Miro was the most abstract of the surrealists and the most surreal of the abstract. His use of geometric shapes is as hermetic as the artistic grammar of Kandinsky. The title of the work invites the viewer to a certain vision that is never the only possible interpretation.

Painted in 1927, Peinture (étoile bleue), is typical and can rightly be considered as an outstanding work of the artist. It was sold for € 11.6M by Aguttes on December 21, 2007 and for £ 23.5M by Sotheby's on June 19, 2012, lot 10.

Never a visible star was blue, but the universe of Miro is completely dreamlike. The artwork, an oil on canvas 115 x 89 cm, is actually azure dark blue, anticipating over thirty years Klein's IKB.

The vertical format invites to gravity, but the opposite occurs. The forms that sail in this space are completely free and far between, like galaxies in the sky.
Miro

1928 Les Amoureux by Chagall
​2017 SOLD for $ 28.5M by Sotheby's

Marc and Bella Chagall are charming in their total empathy for one another. On November 14, 2017, Sotheby's sold for $ 28.5M from a lower estimate of $ 12M Les Amoureux, oil on canvas 117 x 90 cm painted by Marc in 1928, lot 8.

The theme of lovers portraying his own couple is recurrent in the art of Chagall but this work is especially touching by the attitudes, the realism of the very recognizable faces and some discretion of the surrealist attributes.

In their beatitude the lovers are floating. The young man with closed eyes is resting his head between the cheek and the shoulder of the woman. She gently welcomes this enthusiastic impulse but her eyes wide open indicate the lucidity with which she guides in real life this innocent husband.

Paris is their nest. In that same year Marc painted Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel where their dear little Ida is disguised as a floating angel to present the bouquet. This oil on canvas 90 x 117 cm was sold for £ 7M by Christie's on February 2, 2016.

Let's go back to our Amoureux. Marc does not miss to express his gratitude to his host country. The tricolor dress of Bella ends with a blue in which is transposed the sky centered by a dazzling sun. In this sky a tiny bird comes to offer its auspices to the embraced couple. Leaves and flowers bring their frame to this ethereal scene.

Please watch the video shared by Sotheby's in which the love of Marc and Bella is commented by one of their granddaughters.
Man and Woman
Self Portrait 2nd Page
Eastern Europe
Chagall
1928

1929 Chop Suey by Hopper
​2018 SOLD for $ 92M by Christie's

Very francophile after a stay in Paris, Edward Hopper observes on his return to New York the differences in the art of living between the two continents. Everything is changing very quickly in the United States in the 1920s around a new organization of work that better incorporates women, respects their individuality better and gives them some freedom.

Hopper is taciturn and traditionalist. He very well appreciates that he cannot oppose these changes, just as he cannot do anything about the collapse of abandoned houses. His art is realistic but he builds his own universe like a surrealist.

Automat, painted in 1927, is a portrait of his wife Jo having a break in a self-service cafe. She is alone, pensive and a little tired, sitting in front of a round table in the back of a room without decoration.

Chop Suey, oil on canvas 81 x 96 cm painted in 1929, stages the same young woman in another cheap restaurant, seated in front of another woman who is seen from behind. Sitting at another table in the background, a couple chats.

The theme is definitely not narrative despite its appearances. We will not know who these characters are, why they are together. These Chinese cafes that then proliferate in the United States are a symbol of a new everyday life with new forms of banalities and also with the attractiveness and the threat of internationalization and depersonalization.

In new urban spaces, geometry becomes omnipresent. Chop Suey seduced the young Mark Rothko and much later influenced his division of surfaces into color fields.

Chop Suey was sold for $ 92M from a lower estimate of $ 70M by Christie's on November 13, 2018, lot 12 B.  Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
Groups
USA
Hopper
US Painting before 1940
1929
1930-1939
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