1890
See also : Painting France Monet Vétheuil to Giverny Cézanne Renoir Van Gogh Landscape Flowers Tabletop Bouquet Children
1890 Between Harvest and Snow
2019 SOLD for $ 110M including premium
The series of Meules painted by Monet after the 1890 harvest was not premeditated. The haystacks are installed in the fields as temporary semaphores that break the monotonous surface devoid of its plants.
Monet loves this theme that is typical of country life without the need to add humans or birds. He begins with five landscapes in which two haystacks are distant from each other.
According to the sequence established by Wildenstein, the next sub-series is composed of two oil paintings on canvas 73 x 93 cm executed during the autumn of 1890. The alignment of two haystacks leads to the tall trees on the horizon, against the light in the last rays of sunset. For the first time the rest of the image is minimized. The predominance of the expression of colors over theme and form opens the way to modern art.
The second of these pictures, W1273, goes even further by managing to avoid the shadows of the two stacks. All that remains is the light that plays with the contours of stacks and trees and reveals the shimmering colors of the field. It was dated 1891 by the artist, certainly by reference to the year of the first public exhibition of the series, in the gallery of Durand-Ruel.
W1273 will be sold by Sotheby's in New York on May 14, lot 8. The March 15 press release announces an estimate in excess of $ 55M. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
The deep nature of a landscape can no longer be expressed by a single snapshot. In this series which ends in January 1891 and totals 25 paintings, Monet has captured 25 moments of light of a wide variety : morning, evening, full sun, snow, mist. In the last pictures the color also comes to sublimate the perspective with the reduction of the theme to a single haystack. Also taken at sunset, W1290 was sold for $ 81M including premium by Christie's on November 16, 2016.
Monet loves this theme that is typical of country life without the need to add humans or birds. He begins with five landscapes in which two haystacks are distant from each other.
According to the sequence established by Wildenstein, the next sub-series is composed of two oil paintings on canvas 73 x 93 cm executed during the autumn of 1890. The alignment of two haystacks leads to the tall trees on the horizon, against the light in the last rays of sunset. For the first time the rest of the image is minimized. The predominance of the expression of colors over theme and form opens the way to modern art.
The second of these pictures, W1273, goes even further by managing to avoid the shadows of the two stacks. All that remains is the light that plays with the contours of stacks and trees and reveals the shimmering colors of the field. It was dated 1891 by the artist, certainly by reference to the year of the first public exhibition of the series, in the gallery of Durand-Ruel.
W1273 will be sold by Sotheby's in New York on May 14, lot 8. The March 15 press release announces an estimate in excess of $ 55M. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
The deep nature of a landscape can no longer be expressed by a single snapshot. In this series which ends in January 1891 and totals 25 paintings, Monet has captured 25 moments of light of a wide variety : morning, evening, full sun, snow, mist. In the last pictures the color also comes to sublimate the perspective with the reduction of the theme to a single haystack. Also taken at sunset, W1290 was sold for $ 81M including premium by Christie's on November 16, 2016.
An enduring symbol of Impressionism from Claude Monet's iconic Haystacks series will lead an important private collection of 8 Impressionist works on offer in #SothebysImpMod Evening Sale on 14 May in #NYC. Learn more: https://t.co/B4xVl8QWFA pic.twitter.com/SMDorfOowE
— Sotheby's (@Sothebys) March 15, 2019
1890 Portrait du Dr Gachet by Van Gogh
1990 SOLD for 82.5 M$ including premium by Christie's
narrated in 2020
Vincent Van Gogh had lost his autonomy but his internment in Saint-Rémy was not a lasting solution. On May 20, 1890 his brother Theo installed him at the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise, near the house of Doctor Gachet who could help him. Vincent spent the last 70 days of his life there. In his frenzy of creativity, he painted about 80 works during this short period.
Gachet, 62, is a doctor, a psychiatrist and a friend of the artists. The subject of his doctoral thesis had been a study on melancholy. He advised several members of the Impressionist group on their health problems and had attempted to assist the engraver Charles Méryon in the final phase of his internment.
Vincent is surprised by their first meeting, during which he considers that Gachet is crazier than him. However, the doctor is skillful : in two days he gains the confidence of this hypersensitive artist.
For his art, Vincent seeks to express the deepest psychological aspects. He is still and always passionate about the examples of his predecessors, to better overcome them. He admires the expression of madness in the imaginary portrait by Delacroix of the poet Torquato Tasso in the madhouse of Ferrara.
The Portrait of Dr Gachet is an oil on canvas 67 x 56 cm painted in June 1890. Vincent commented on this work in a letter to his sister. He wanted to display the melancholy of his new friend while recognizing that his expression can be considered a grimace. He sums up his qualities in four words : Sad but gentle and yet clear and intelligent.
Gachet has his head resting on his right hand, allowing a diagonal composition of great expressive force. The face is drawn with the hard lines of the best works of Vincent. On the table, two bright yellow books balance the composition. A branch of digitalis, a medicinal herb, symbolizes Gachet's main activity.
The Portrait of Dr Gachet was sold for $ 82.5M including premium by Christie's on May 15, 1990. The image is shared by Wikimedia.
Gachet, 62, is a doctor, a psychiatrist and a friend of the artists. The subject of his doctoral thesis had been a study on melancholy. He advised several members of the Impressionist group on their health problems and had attempted to assist the engraver Charles Méryon in the final phase of his internment.
Vincent is surprised by their first meeting, during which he considers that Gachet is crazier than him. However, the doctor is skillful : in two days he gains the confidence of this hypersensitive artist.
For his art, Vincent seeks to express the deepest psychological aspects. He is still and always passionate about the examples of his predecessors, to better overcome them. He admires the expression of madness in the imaginary portrait by Delacroix of the poet Torquato Tasso in the madhouse of Ferrara.
The Portrait of Dr Gachet is an oil on canvas 67 x 56 cm painted in June 1890. Vincent commented on this work in a letter to his sister. He wanted to display the melancholy of his new friend while recognizing that his expression can be considered a grimace. He sums up his qualities in four words : Sad but gentle and yet clear and intelligent.
Gachet has his head resting on his right hand, allowing a diagonal composition of great expressive force. The face is drawn with the hard lines of the best works of Vincent. On the table, two bright yellow books balance the composition. A branch of digitalis, a medicinal herb, symbolizes Gachet's main activity.
The Portrait of Dr Gachet was sold for $ 82.5M including premium by Christie's on May 15, 1990. The image is shared by Wikimedia.
1890 Wild Flowers for Dr Gachet
2014 SOLD for $ 62M including premium
After he entered the asylum at Saint-Rémy de Provence in May 1889, the health of Vincent van Gogh did not improve. But they had to look for a solution. Auvers-sur-Oise is a pretty village frequented by artists. His visit is prepared by his brother Theo in consultation with Dr. Gachet.
In May 1890 Vincent moved into a room at the local inn in Auvers. He did not have a studio and regularly attended the home of Gachet, a friend of the Impressionists and Cézanne.
Since he is sick, Vincent is terrorized by the idea of failure and by the risk of a new crisis of dementia. With the energy of despair, he gives a new impetus to his old ambition to become the best painter of all time, the only one capable of a synthesis of all genres. Gachet has a painting by Cézanne showing a bouquet of flowers. Vincent wants to do better.
Spring brings forth the flowers into the fields. On November 4 in New York, Sotheby's sells an oil on canvas 66 x 50 cm painted by Vincent on 16 and 17 June 1890, lot 17 estimated $ 30M. Executed in the clear intention to thank Gachet for his help, this artwork shows a vase filled with daisies and poppies.
The composition is powerful and the colors are gorgeous, dominated in the center by the fiery red poppies. The groups of flowers shine like some characters within the ultimate tragedy of Vincent.
I invite you to play the video shared by Sotheby's :
In May 1890 Vincent moved into a room at the local inn in Auvers. He did not have a studio and regularly attended the home of Gachet, a friend of the Impressionists and Cézanne.
Since he is sick, Vincent is terrorized by the idea of failure and by the risk of a new crisis of dementia. With the energy of despair, he gives a new impetus to his old ambition to become the best painter of all time, the only one capable of a synthesis of all genres. Gachet has a painting by Cézanne showing a bouquet of flowers. Vincent wants to do better.
Spring brings forth the flowers into the fields. On November 4 in New York, Sotheby's sells an oil on canvas 66 x 50 cm painted by Vincent on 16 and 17 June 1890, lot 17 estimated $ 30M. Executed in the clear intention to thank Gachet for his help, this artwork shows a vase filled with daisies and poppies.
The composition is powerful and the colors are gorgeous, dominated in the center by the fiery red poppies. The groups of flowers shine like some characters within the ultimate tragedy of Vincent.
I invite you to play the video shared by Sotheby's :
June 1890 Jeune Homme au Bleuet by van Gogh
2021 SOLD for $ 47M by Christie's
From his early expectations, Vincent van Gogh could have been a preacher in the countryside. Beside his highly experimental landscapes and his investigative self portraits, his preferred themes for expressing the authentic life were the peasants, the babies, the children and the flowers. He often took models from his neighbors, including the Roulin family in Arles and the Ravoux daughter in Auvers.
Le Jeune homme au bleuet is an unidentified young peasant boy of whom Vincent painted the portrait in June 1890 in Auvers.
The portrait is uncompromising. The lower class boy has a sun bathed dark skin, a shaggy blond hair, a sad gaze and a forced smile. He holds a cornflower between his lips. The line is much expressive in the style of Vincent's later works.
This oil on canvas 40 x 32 cm was sold for $ 47M from a lower estimate of $ 5M by Christie's on November 11, 2021, lot 21C.
Le Jeune homme au bleuet is an unidentified young peasant boy of whom Vincent painted the portrait in June 1890 in Auvers.
The portrait is uncompromising. The lower class boy has a sun bathed dark skin, a shaggy blond hair, a sad gaze and a forced smile. He holds a cornflower between his lips. The line is much expressive in the style of Vincent's later works.
This oil on canvas 40 x 32 cm was sold for $ 47M from a lower estimate of $ 5M by Christie's on November 11, 2021, lot 21C.
1889-1890 Cézanne playing with Apples
2013 SOLD 42 M$ including premium
Chardin had an innovative interpretation of the still life. He wanted his painting to approach as close as possible to the truth, and brought an extreme care in the texture.
Cézanne plays with apples like an infant with cubes. Fruits are grouped within small uneven piles in which their variety of colors brings an additional appeal. Sometimes a group is interrupted by the frame as if the row of fruit was unlimited.
If we consider that the real subject is the painting itself and not the appealing fruit, Cézanne's apples anticipate abstract art. His still life puzzles the viewer by its original composition, as if it tried to tell a story or to evoke a feeling, like Kandinsky and Miro later. Each individual element is however realistic like an image by Chardin.
The group of apples for sale at Sotheby's on May 7, 2013 is both simple and bold. This oil on canvas 38 x 46 cm painted in 1889-1890 was sold for $ 42M from a lower estimate of $ 25M, lot 7. Please watch the video shared by the auction house. The image is shared by Wikimedia.
Sold for $ 60M including premium at Sotheby's on May 10, 1999, another composition, 60 x 73 cm, painted four years later is more ambitious. The folds of the white tablecloth generate a complex interplay of fruit, the pitcher is the referee and the curtain states that the still lifes of Cézanne are indeed dramas.
Cézanne plays with apples like an infant with cubes. Fruits are grouped within small uneven piles in which their variety of colors brings an additional appeal. Sometimes a group is interrupted by the frame as if the row of fruit was unlimited.
If we consider that the real subject is the painting itself and not the appealing fruit, Cézanne's apples anticipate abstract art. His still life puzzles the viewer by its original composition, as if it tried to tell a story or to evoke a feeling, like Kandinsky and Miro later. Each individual element is however realistic like an image by Chardin.
The group of apples for sale at Sotheby's on May 7, 2013 is both simple and bold. This oil on canvas 38 x 46 cm painted in 1889-1890 was sold for $ 42M from a lower estimate of $ 25M, lot 7. Please watch the video shared by the auction house. The image is shared by Wikimedia.
Sold for $ 60M including premium at Sotheby's on May 10, 1999, another composition, 60 x 73 cm, painted four years later is more ambitious. The folds of the white tablecloth generate a complex interplay of fruit, the pitcher is the referee and the curtain states that the still lifes of Cézanne are indeed dramas.
1888-1890 Pommes et Poires by Cézanne
2021 SOLD for $ 20M by Sotheby's
Nature morte : Pommes et poires was sold twice by Sotheby's, for $ 8.7M on November 5, 2003, lot 10., and for $ 20M on May 12, 2021, lot 1006. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
This oil on canvas 38 x 46 cm is by its composition a twin painting of Les Pommes, a still life of same format and period sold for $ 42M by Sotheby's on May 7, 2013, also with a lower estimate of $ 25M.
Both arrangements are made on the top of the same chest, the same or very similar as the furniture shown in Cézanne's still life in Paris more than ten years earlier. The replacement by pears of a group of apples may result from a desire to vary the colors.
The major difference is that Pommes et Poires occupy a delimited space while in Les Pommes two apples on the right edge call for an unlimited raw of fruit, anticipating the color escapes of Mondrian.
No timeline can be defined within the middle format series of still lifes of the later 1880s. In this time of prevailing experimentation, it is indeed probable that Les Pommes and Pommes et Poires were painted in parallel.
This oil on canvas 38 x 46 cm is by its composition a twin painting of Les Pommes, a still life of same format and period sold for $ 42M by Sotheby's on May 7, 2013, also with a lower estimate of $ 25M.
Both arrangements are made on the top of the same chest, the same or very similar as the furniture shown in Cézanne's still life in Paris more than ten years earlier. The replacement by pears of a group of apples may result from a desire to vary the colors.
The major difference is that Pommes et Poires occupy a delimited space while in Les Pommes two apples on the right edge call for an unlimited raw of fruit, anticipating the color escapes of Mondrian.
No timeline can be defined within the middle format series of still lifes of the later 1880s. In this time of prevailing experimentation, it is indeed probable that Les Pommes and Pommes et Poires were painted in parallel.
#AuctionUpdate: A rare example of Paul Cézanne’s quintessential still lifes of this caliber remaining in private hands, 'Nature morte: pommes et poires' achieves $20 million. The work last sold at auction at Sotheby’s NY for $8.7 million in November 2003. pic.twitter.com/S5lGB94w7Z
— Sotheby's (@Sothebys) May 13, 2021
1890 Nature Morte by Cézanne
2017 SOLD for $ 8.1M by Sotheby's
Paul Cézanne uses the arrangements of fruit for a study of the geometric three dimensional forms when they are displayed as a two dimensional picture. The repetition of the artefacts on the table leads to the illusion that these paintings were made at the same time, even if the fruits are different.
On November 14, 2017, Sotheby's sold for $ 8.1M a Nature Morte, oil on canvas 28 x 40 cm painted ca 1890, lot 27.
On the right side of the table, a fruit is raised over four fruits of which one of them is hidden behind the others. Such an arrangement is frequent in Cézanne's still-lifes. The left side is more original : a single fruit is centered on the usual plate whose tilting is viewed in profile.
This painting thus reveals that some distorsions otherwise impossible to understand in previous pictures are indeed due to a tilting prepared by the artist : the drawing of the plate is circular instead on the logical oval of its perspective when it is laid flat on the table. An example of that illusion is a painting made ca 1887, sold for £ 21M by Christie's on February 27, 2019.
I guess that very few observers were able to perceive in period the geometrical subtlety of Cézanne's fruit still-lifes. It may also explain why Picasso was so keen to consider Cézanne as the founding father of modern art, inviting to another construction of the forms. Cézanne also influenced Matisse, Gris and Braque.
On November 14, 2017, Sotheby's sold for $ 8.1M a Nature Morte, oil on canvas 28 x 40 cm painted ca 1890, lot 27.
On the right side of the table, a fruit is raised over four fruits of which one of them is hidden behind the others. Such an arrangement is frequent in Cézanne's still-lifes. The left side is more original : a single fruit is centered on the usual plate whose tilting is viewed in profile.
This painting thus reveals that some distorsions otherwise impossible to understand in previous pictures are indeed due to a tilting prepared by the artist : the drawing of the plate is circular instead on the logical oval of its perspective when it is laid flat on the table. An example of that illusion is a painting made ca 1887, sold for £ 21M by Christie's on February 27, 2019.
I guess that very few observers were able to perceive in period the geometrical subtlety of Cézanne's fruit still-lifes. It may also explain why Picasso was so keen to consider Cézanne as the founding father of modern art, inviting to another construction of the forms. Cézanne also influenced Matisse, Gris and Braque.
1890 Better than Cézanne
2020 SOLD for $ 16M including premium
The final phase of Vincent van Gogh's life takes place in Auvers-sur-Oise, from May 20, 1890, on an initiative of Theo who considers profitable his rapprochement with Dr. Gachet, who knew Cézanne.
Vincent is euphoric, until the return of his psychiatric disorders at the end of July. His creativity is at its peak. Benefiting from all his research in Arles and Saint-Rémy, he fulfils his mad dream of being the best painter in the world. He knows that he will never be able to stop time, and paints an average of one canvas per day. He works too fast and can no longer describe all his creativity in his letters to Theo.
Gachet owned two paintings of bouquets made by Cézanne in 1873. One of the bouquets is placed on a round table in a slightly plunging view, an early example of Cézanne's passion for reinterpreting perspectives. A backdrop adjoins the contours of the table.
Vincent painted an oil on canvas inspired by this bouquet at an undetermined date. He replaces the Delft vase with a transparent and shiny glass. The flowers take on the vivid colors from his experiences with Gauguin at the Maison Jaune. The concave background, which occupies the entire width of the image, is iridescent like a reflection of the blue sky and possibly the bouquet.
This oil on canvas 41 x 33 cm was sold for $ 4.6M including premium by Sotheby's on May 10, 2000 and is estimated $ 14M for sale by Sotheby's in New York on October 28, lot 127. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
Vincent is euphoric, until the return of his psychiatric disorders at the end of July. His creativity is at its peak. Benefiting from all his research in Arles and Saint-Rémy, he fulfils his mad dream of being the best painter in the world. He knows that he will never be able to stop time, and paints an average of one canvas per day. He works too fast and can no longer describe all his creativity in his letters to Theo.
Gachet owned two paintings of bouquets made by Cézanne in 1873. One of the bouquets is placed on a round table in a slightly plunging view, an early example of Cézanne's passion for reinterpreting perspectives. A backdrop adjoins the contours of the table.
Vincent painted an oil on canvas inspired by this bouquet at an undetermined date. He replaces the Delft vase with a transparent and shiny glass. The flowers take on the vivid colors from his experiences with Gauguin at the Maison Jaune. The concave background, which occupies the entire width of the image, is iridescent like a reflection of the blue sky and possibly the bouquet.
This oil on canvas 41 x 33 cm was sold for $ 4.6M including premium by Sotheby's on May 10, 2000 and is estimated $ 14M for sale by Sotheby's in New York on October 28, lot 127. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
#AuctionUpdate: One of Vincent van Gogh’s finest flower paintings, ‘Fleurs dans un verre’ from 1890 sells for $16 million. Executed at the height of his artistic powers, the work is one of the final canvases that Van Gogh painted just days before his untimely death in July 1890. pic.twitter.com/BIBPX0Da7n
— Sotheby's (@Sothebys) October 29, 2020
1890 Jeune Fille à la Corbeille de Fleurs by Renoir
2021 SOLD for $ 13M by Sotheby's
In the later 1880s the Baigneuses period had been a restart in the art of Renoir. Now the ideal young woman must be on earth, not in a pantheon. He makes portraits of anonymous young sitters in fresh attitudes, which are characterized by the quality of the pink texture of the skin in an appealing childish face and a soft light.
Jeune Fille à la Corbeille de Fleurs, oil on canvas 81 x 65 cm, is a masterpiece of that new period and the most expensive work that Durand-Ruel acquired from Renoir in the full year 1890. Two oil studies in the same format for that finished painting were also bought by Durand-Ruel.
The well dressed girl with a growing breast is slightly bending her head for engaging her charming gaze and smile with the viewer. The pose is inspired from Ingres's Portrait de Madame Rivière.
This exquisite portrait was sold for $ 13M from a lower estimate of $ 6M by Sotheby's on November 16, 2021, lot 33. Please watch the video shared by the auction house. The catalogue reports that the second study had been sold for $ 8.5M in June 1993.
Jeune Fille à la Corbeille de Fleurs, oil on canvas 81 x 65 cm, is a masterpiece of that new period and the most expensive work that Durand-Ruel acquired from Renoir in the full year 1890. Two oil studies in the same format for that finished painting were also bought by Durand-Ruel.
The well dressed girl with a growing breast is slightly bending her head for engaging her charming gaze and smile with the viewer. The pose is inspired from Ingres's Portrait de Madame Rivière.
This exquisite portrait was sold for $ 13M from a lower estimate of $ 6M by Sotheby's on November 16, 2021, lot 33. Please watch the video shared by the auction house. The catalogue reports that the second study had been sold for $ 8.5M in June 1993.
1890 Jardin à Auvers by van Gogh
1992 SOLD by Binoche et Godeau for FF 57M, later equivalent to € 8.7M
Jardin à Auvers, oil on canvas 64 x 80 cm, was painted by van Gogh in July 1890. This work is puzzling by the texture of the ground which seems influenced by pointillism. It may demonstrate that Vincent was still desiring to experiment new styles a few days before he took his own life. The view without horizon is also unusual and anticipates Klimt and Monet's Nymphéas. The image is shared by Wikimedia.
Its owner, who acquired it in New York in 1955, requested in 1989 an authorization to export it from France to his home in Geneva. The artwork was then estimated FF 200M. This request accelerated its inscription as a French monument historique and the export was refused.
The owner required a compensation of FF 250M, which was rejected. He consigned the painting at auction. It was sold on December 6, 1992 by Binoche et Godeau for FF 55M before fees, 57M including premium. He obtained two years later a compensation of FF 145M which was the difference between the 1989 estimate and the auction result.
The story did not finish there. The press argued that Jardin à Auvers was a fake, possibly by Schuffenecker. It failed to sell at auction by Jacques Tajan on December 9, 1996 from the deceased estate of the winning bidder. The heirs failed to obtain the cancellation of the 1992 auction, from the argument that its authenticity was not disputed at that date. It is now authenticated by the Van Gogh Museum of Amsterdam.
Its owner, who acquired it in New York in 1955, requested in 1989 an authorization to export it from France to his home in Geneva. The artwork was then estimated FF 200M. This request accelerated its inscription as a French monument historique and the export was refused.
The owner required a compensation of FF 250M, which was rejected. He consigned the painting at auction. It was sold on December 6, 1992 by Binoche et Godeau for FF 55M before fees, 57M including premium. He obtained two years later a compensation of FF 145M which was the difference between the 1989 estimate and the auction result.
The story did not finish there. The press argued that Jardin à Auvers was a fake, possibly by Schuffenecker. It failed to sell at auction by Jacques Tajan on December 9, 1996 from the deceased estate of the winning bidder. The heirs failed to obtain the cancellation of the 1992 auction, from the argument that its authenticity was not disputed at that date. It is now authenticated by the Van Gogh Museum of Amsterdam.
