V. S. GAITONDE (1924- 2001)
Except otherwise stated, all results include the premium.
See also : India Modern India
Chronology : 1974 1979
See also : India Modern India
Chronology : 1974 1979
Intro
The art of V. S. Gaitonde is rare and precious by its very nature. The texture, composed of translucent layers with different hues of a single color, is impeccable. The result is an expression of the deep meditation of this artist influenced by Zen and looking for philosophy, life and truth.
The art of Gaitonde often appears as an encounter with water wrapped in mist. Areas looking like reflections bring a semblance of perspective contradicted by the structuring of the canvas in horizontal zones. The elements that seem to float have an indistinguishable nature that strengthens the mystical dimension of the message.
The abstraction of Gaitonde is not only an expression of nature. His almost systematic choice of vertical formats from the mid-1960s brings a bottom up vision leading to heaven and emotion. He leaves to others the figuration : no being, no human construction will disturb his ineffable art of silence.
Gaitonde was a quiet man who deliberately avoided the fame. His art is not sufficiently recognized internationally. However, he expresses the relationship of man and ground as Pollock did, he translates the subtlety of his inner self like Zao Wou-ki, he captures the emotion of the viewer like Rothko and his technique anticipates the squeegee of Richter.
The art of Gaitonde often appears as an encounter with water wrapped in mist. Areas looking like reflections bring a semblance of perspective contradicted by the structuring of the canvas in horizontal zones. The elements that seem to float have an indistinguishable nature that strengthens the mystical dimension of the message.
The abstraction of Gaitonde is not only an expression of nature. His almost systematic choice of vertical formats from the mid-1960s brings a bottom up vision leading to heaven and emotion. He leaves to others the figuration : no being, no human construction will disturb his ineffable art of silence.
Gaitonde was a quiet man who deliberately avoided the fame. His art is not sufficiently recognized internationally. However, he expresses the relationship of man and ground as Pollock did, he translates the subtlety of his inner self like Zao Wou-ki, he captures the emotion of the viewer like Rothko and his technique anticipates the squeegee of Richter.
1960
2016 SOLD for $ 2.78M by Sotheby's
Vasudeo S. Gaitonde began his artistic career in contact with the painters of the Mumbai avant-garde including Maqbool Fida Hussein, Akbar Padamsee Ram Kumar. His early themes are figurative, in an arrangement that evokes ancient frescoes. In the late 1950s, he observes the dialogue of colors through abstract compositions structured in irregular geometries, such as Klee and Nicholson.
His interest in abstraction started in 1957 when he began to paint with a roller and a knife in successive translucent layers that transform the image by bringing a shining. The turning point of his career was in 1960 when Air India took an interest in his work. Until his death 41 years later, his art became specialized in a sumptuous invitation to meditation.
On March 15, 2016, Sotheby's sold for $ 2.78M an oil on canvas painted in 1960 in a very large size for this artist, 152 x 263 cm, lot 530. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
In an ethereal environment that may be some mist, a form in hues of blue appears as a ghost ship. The down extension of a major line is certainly the reflection of the mast. The blue stain in the right side of the picture is a simple counterweight in the composition or may be it is a bindi.
His interest in abstraction started in 1957 when he began to paint with a roller and a knife in successive translucent layers that transform the image by bringing a shining. The turning point of his career was in 1960 when Air India took an interest in his work. Until his death 41 years later, his art became specialized in a sumptuous invitation to meditation.
On March 15, 2016, Sotheby's sold for $ 2.78M an oil on canvas painted in 1960 in a very large size for this artist, 152 x 263 cm, lot 530. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
In an ethereal environment that may be some mist, a form in hues of blue appears as a ghost ship. The down extension of a major line is certainly the reflection of the mast. The blue stain in the right side of the picture is a simple counterweight in the composition or may be it is a bindi.
1961
2021 SOLD for INR 40 crores (worth US $ 5.6M) by Saffronart
Vasudeo S. Gaitonde is an artist in residence at the Bhulabhai Desai Memorial Institute in Bombay. His preference is for non-objective art. He discovers the principles of Buddhist Zen and learns from Krishnamurti the importance of absolute tranquility for meditation. A true artist conveys his emotion, as Chinese calligraphers were doing.
Through the window of his small studio, he looks at the sea. It is infinite in its subtle shades of blue, and the horizon is immaterial, like an abstraction. To express this meditative universe, Gaitonde replaces the brush by the joint use of rollers and knives. In 1961 he paints blue infinities in a panoramic format. He works as a recluse but has friends who immediately acquire his works.
A blue abstraction, oil on canvas 102 x 125 cm, includes a horizon, contradicted in its middle by a wide stripe which is extended towards the bottom of the image by its reflection.
The masterpiece from this period is an oil on canvas 177 x 203 cm. The abstraction is total and without limits. In this immersion of shades of blue, a tiny and unique red point focuses the attention as a signature of the Zen inspiration. It is acquired by a young couple. They will keep this monumental work in their living room for nearly six decades.
Originally acquired by Akbar Padamsee ,this painting was sold for $ 1.08M by Bonhams on September 17, 2014, lot 151; It was later sold on March 11, 2021 by Saffronart for INR 40 crores worth US $ 5.6M, lot 13. Please watch the video shared by Saffronart, in which the daughter of the first owners brings her very interesting vision on the quality of the work and the role it played in her life.
Rothko's influence will come in 1964 during a stay in New York. Gaitonde abandons blue for warm colors and almost always opts for the vertical format.
Through the window of his small studio, he looks at the sea. It is infinite in its subtle shades of blue, and the horizon is immaterial, like an abstraction. To express this meditative universe, Gaitonde replaces the brush by the joint use of rollers and knives. In 1961 he paints blue infinities in a panoramic format. He works as a recluse but has friends who immediately acquire his works.
A blue abstraction, oil on canvas 102 x 125 cm, includes a horizon, contradicted in its middle by a wide stripe which is extended towards the bottom of the image by its reflection.
The masterpiece from this period is an oil on canvas 177 x 203 cm. The abstraction is total and without limits. In this immersion of shades of blue, a tiny and unique red point focuses the attention as a signature of the Zen inspiration. It is acquired by a young couple. They will keep this monumental work in their living room for nearly six decades.
Originally acquired by Akbar Padamsee ,this painting was sold for $ 1.08M by Bonhams on September 17, 2014, lot 151; It was later sold on March 11, 2021 by Saffronart for INR 40 crores worth US $ 5.6M, lot 13. Please watch the video shared by Saffronart, in which the daughter of the first owners brings her very interesting vision on the quality of the work and the role it played in her life.
Rothko's influence will come in 1964 during a stay in New York. Gaitonde abandons blue for warm colors and almost always opts for the vertical format.
1962 No. 3
2014 SOLD for $ 2.5M by Sotheby's
Gaitonde finds his personal pictorial language in 1962. The classical abstraction is no longer suitable because it can not reach the quiet strength of Zen meditation. Now he will express the relationship between texture and light. His art is no more abstract but non-objective, according to his own wording.
In the beginning is the color, laid in thin layers until its meeting with light provides a translucent effect.
Varied spots of paint are made with the knife on a line that could be the horizon of a landscape but is not, at least at that time. These spots could have been the signs of Twombly over the expressive colors of Zao Wou-ki. It is not the case. Once the viewer is drawn into the picture like in a Rothko, the spots have no remaining role.
The effect of presence is undeniable because the viewer imagines some forms, but Gaitonde increases the mystery by not revealing his figurative source of inspiration. The introduction of a kind of horizon marker in his 1962 series soberly titled Painting is spectacular and opens to him some notoriety. His art is not yet compared to Rothko's but already deserves to be.
Made in 1962 and titled Painting No. 3, an oil on canvas 100 x 76 cm is a perfect example of Gaitonde's first steps in his new Zen art. It was sold for $ 2.5M by Sotheby's on March 19, 2014. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
Working as a recluse, Gaitonde will continue his non-objective quest for the rest of his life, far away from glory and noise. A perfectionist, he does not leave his work until he is absolutely satisfied with the result, which requires a long approach to perfection. His art is rare despite he devotes his whole life to it.
In the beginning is the color, laid in thin layers until its meeting with light provides a translucent effect.
Varied spots of paint are made with the knife on a line that could be the horizon of a landscape but is not, at least at that time. These spots could have been the signs of Twombly over the expressive colors of Zao Wou-ki. It is not the case. Once the viewer is drawn into the picture like in a Rothko, the spots have no remaining role.
The effect of presence is undeniable because the viewer imagines some forms, but Gaitonde increases the mystery by not revealing his figurative source of inspiration. The introduction of a kind of horizon marker in his 1962 series soberly titled Painting is spectacular and opens to him some notoriety. His art is not yet compared to Rothko's but already deserves to be.
Made in 1962 and titled Painting No. 3, an oil on canvas 100 x 76 cm is a perfect example of Gaitonde's first steps in his new Zen art. It was sold for $ 2.5M by Sotheby's on March 19, 2014. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
Working as a recluse, Gaitonde will continue his non-objective quest for the rest of his life, far away from glory and noise. A perfectionist, he does not leave his work until he is absolutely satisfied with the result, which requires a long approach to perfection. His art is rare despite he devotes his whole life to it.
1963
2015 SOLD for $ 2.3M by Sotheby's
When Vasudeo Gaitonde decided to offer his own style of non-objective art, he developed a method of successive additions and withdrawals of thin layers of paint to bring the desired transparency and brightness.
In 1962, he combines this new technique with pseudo-calligraphic signs affixed with the knife. This proto-writing is contemporary to the observations of the Roman graffiti by Twombly. In 2014 Sotheby's sold for $ 2.5M Painting No. 3 by Gaitonde.
I do not know if Gaitonde ever met Twombly but it is certain that he visited Rothko around that period. Among the abstract expressionists, Mark Rothko is the artist who went the furthest in the enchantment of the viewer by the balance between colors. It is not surprising that he was able to influence the young Hindu artist in his search of Zen.
Painted in 1962 by Gaitonde, an oil on canvas 127 x 77 cm sold for $ 970K by Sotheby's on March 19, 2013 can be reinterpreted as the addition of the pseudo-Zen semiotics over a structure of colors imitating Rothko.
This relationship becomes obvious within an oil on canvas 114 x 97 cm painted by Gaitonde in 1963, sold for $ 2.3M from a lower estimate of $ 1.5M by Sotheby's on March 18, 2015, lot 1326. The orange-brown harmony is very similar to a composition made by Rothko in the same year, according to the convincing demonstration offered by the auction house in their catalog.
In 1962, he combines this new technique with pseudo-calligraphic signs affixed with the knife. This proto-writing is contemporary to the observations of the Roman graffiti by Twombly. In 2014 Sotheby's sold for $ 2.5M Painting No. 3 by Gaitonde.
I do not know if Gaitonde ever met Twombly but it is certain that he visited Rothko around that period. Among the abstract expressionists, Mark Rothko is the artist who went the furthest in the enchantment of the viewer by the balance between colors. It is not surprising that he was able to influence the young Hindu artist in his search of Zen.
Painted in 1962 by Gaitonde, an oil on canvas 127 x 77 cm sold for $ 970K by Sotheby's on March 19, 2013 can be reinterpreted as the addition of the pseudo-Zen semiotics over a structure of colors imitating Rothko.
This relationship becomes obvious within an oil on canvas 114 x 97 cm painted by Gaitonde in 1963, sold for $ 2.3M from a lower estimate of $ 1.5M by Sotheby's on March 18, 2015, lot 1326. The orange-brown harmony is very similar to a composition made by Rothko in the same year, according to the convincing demonstration offered by the auction house in their catalog.
1972 No. 4
2022 SOLD for $ 2.47M by Sotheby's
In the 1960s, the subconscious of Gaitonde generates imaginary landscapes too close to abstraction for inviting to an identification. A painting 152 x 101 cm made in 1969 was sold for $ 960K by Christie's on September 12, 2012.
An oil on canvas 152 x 88 cm painted in 1970 by V.S. Gaitonde was sold for £ 970K by Christie's on 10 June 2015, lot 33, and for INR 10 crores worth US $ 1.53M by Saffronart on September 8, 2016, lot 48. It passed at Saffronart on June 12-13, 2019, lot 51 illustrated by a video. It was sold for INR 13.8 crores worth US$ 1.92M by Astaguru on March 31, 2021, lot 16.
The video shared by the auction house was also featuring also a 1971 painting 150 x 100 cm in glowing brown, orange and red, lot 17, which wss sold for INR 14.1 crores worth US$ 1.96M. This opus fully departs from a landscape inspiration.
Another example in the minimalist fully abstract style is numbered Painting 4 for 1972. This oil on canvas 127 x 102 cm was sold for $ 2.47M from a lower estimate of $ 1.5M by Sotheby's on March 21, 2022, lot 33. It displays blurred markings and hazy stains over a gray wash richly suffused with yellow tones,
An oil on canvas 152 x 88 cm painted in 1970 by V.S. Gaitonde was sold for £ 970K by Christie's on 10 June 2015, lot 33, and for INR 10 crores worth US $ 1.53M by Saffronart on September 8, 2016, lot 48. It passed at Saffronart on June 12-13, 2019, lot 51 illustrated by a video. It was sold for INR 13.8 crores worth US$ 1.92M by Astaguru on March 31, 2021, lot 16.
The video shared by the auction house was also featuring also a 1971 painting 150 x 100 cm in glowing brown, orange and red, lot 17, which wss sold for INR 14.1 crores worth US$ 1.96M. This opus fully departs from a landscape inspiration.
Another example in the minimalist fully abstract style is numbered Painting 4 for 1972. This oil on canvas 127 x 102 cm was sold for $ 2.47M from a lower estimate of $ 1.5M by Sotheby's on March 21, 2022, lot 33. It displays blurred markings and hazy stains over a gray wash richly suffused with yellow tones,
1974
2020 SOLD for INR 32 crores before fees (worth US $ 4.4M) by Pundole's
Vasudev S. Gaitonde seeks to express through a pictorial work the relationship between mind and world. He finds inspiration in Zen.
For more than three decades, his format was invariably vertical. The bottom-up perception is like a prayer. The technique also varies little. The successive addition of layers of transparent paint has as a final objective the best possible relationship between pigment and light, with a subtlety that cannot be reproduced by photography.
Gaitonde's works are not monochrome, because they are compartmentalized into zones of slightly different shades. This texture, as well as the outline and density of the slightly biomorphic floating forms, varies over time. For Gaitonde, each opus is unique, separated from the previous one by a long meditation. This false figuration marks the variable part of the corpus of this one-of-a-kind artist.
Around 1974 the image is divided into several adjacent horizontal bands of similar height. To better share meditation, the floating forms are less and less contrasted.
On September 3, 2020, Pundole's sold at lot 11 for INR 32 crore before fees, worth US $ 4.4M, a 153 x 102 cm oil on canvas painted in 1974, from a lower estimate of INR 15 crore.
An oil on canvas 152 x 102 cm painted in the same year divides in five horizontal stripes a population of abstract flowing forms of various rounded shapes, each of them embedding a few color filled geometric elements. It was sold for INR 15.6 crores by Chrisiie's on December 18, 2016, lot 151.
For more than three decades, his format was invariably vertical. The bottom-up perception is like a prayer. The technique also varies little. The successive addition of layers of transparent paint has as a final objective the best possible relationship between pigment and light, with a subtlety that cannot be reproduced by photography.
Gaitonde's works are not monochrome, because they are compartmentalized into zones of slightly different shades. This texture, as well as the outline and density of the slightly biomorphic floating forms, varies over time. For Gaitonde, each opus is unique, separated from the previous one by a long meditation. This false figuration marks the variable part of the corpus of this one-of-a-kind artist.
Around 1974 the image is divided into several adjacent horizontal bands of similar height. To better share meditation, the floating forms are less and less contrasted.
On September 3, 2020, Pundole's sold at lot 11 for INR 32 crore before fees, worth US $ 4.4M, a 153 x 102 cm oil on canvas painted in 1974, from a lower estimate of INR 15 crore.
An oil on canvas 152 x 102 cm painted in the same year divides in five horizontal stripes a population of abstract flowing forms of various rounded shapes, each of them embedding a few color filled geometric elements. It was sold for INR 15.6 crores by Chrisiie's on December 18, 2016, lot 151.
1979
2013 SOLD for INR 23.7 crores (worth US $ 3.8M) by Christie's
V.S. Gaitonde returned from New York in 1965 after a Rockefeller Fund fellowship during which he had met Rothko in his studio. He develops his own way by gradually eliminating all superfluous elements for his expressionist interpretation of nature.
He thus removes the contours of forms, the pseudo-calligraphic and symbolic signs, the illusions of perspective. Oil on canvas becomes his only technique. The artwork becomes monochrome in an immutable vertical format. Yet each opus is different from the previous one, in a search for continuous improvement that rejects chance and feelings.
After a superposition of transparent layers of which the artist has not revealed the detailed process, the roller, the brush and the knife create variations of brilliance in a global geometric balance. Gaitonde seeks, in his own words, the absorption of silences, bringing a visual musicality. He observes a similarity of his approach to Buddhist Zen which considers that the open space must be filled by the mind.
After the patient meditation and the quick execution, the third and final phase is contemplation. If the musicality of silence suits the artist, he keeps the work in his studio for a possible public use. If not, he scraps it. And he starts again with a new canvas.
All these elements converge in a 153 x 102 cm oil on canvas painted in 1979, sold on December 19, 2013 by Christie's sold for INR 23.7 crores worth US$ 3.8M from a lower estimate of INR 6.5 crores, lot 63.
This painting marks an abandonment of the illusion of landscape in favor of a sort of calligraphy that will become sharper, and therefore less mesmerizing, in his later career. The choice of color is sumptuous between gold and brown.
He thus removes the contours of forms, the pseudo-calligraphic and symbolic signs, the illusions of perspective. Oil on canvas becomes his only technique. The artwork becomes monochrome in an immutable vertical format. Yet each opus is different from the previous one, in a search for continuous improvement that rejects chance and feelings.
After a superposition of transparent layers of which the artist has not revealed the detailed process, the roller, the brush and the knife create variations of brilliance in a global geometric balance. Gaitonde seeks, in his own words, the absorption of silences, bringing a visual musicality. He observes a similarity of his approach to Buddhist Zen which considers that the open space must be filled by the mind.
After the patient meditation and the quick execution, the third and final phase is contemplation. If the musicality of silence suits the artist, he keeps the work in his studio for a possible public use. If not, he scraps it. And he starts again with a new canvas.
All these elements converge in a 153 x 102 cm oil on canvas painted in 1979, sold on December 19, 2013 by Christie's sold for INR 23.7 crores worth US$ 3.8M from a lower estimate of INR 6.5 crores, lot 63.
This painting marks an abandonment of the illusion of landscape in favor of a sort of calligraphy that will become sharper, and therefore less mesmerizing, in his later career. The choice of color is sumptuous between gold and brown.
1982
2019 SOLD for INR 26.3 crores (worth US $ 3.7M) by Saffronart
An oil on canvas 153 x 102 cm in 1979, sold for INR 23.7 crores by Christie's on December 19, 2013.
An oil on canvas of the same dimensions painted in 1982 belongs to the same phase of the career of the artist. It was sold by Pundole's on April 9, 2015 for INR 16.5 crores before fees and for INR 26.3 crores worth US $ 3.7M by Saffronart on September 12, 2019, lot 12.
An oil on canvas of the same dimensions painted in 1982 belongs to the same phase of the career of the artist. It was sold by Pundole's on April 9, 2015 for INR 16.5 crores before fees and for INR 26.3 crores worth US $ 3.7M by Saffronart on September 12, 2019, lot 12.
1995
2015 SOLD for INR 29.3 crores (worth US $ 4.4M) by Christie's
The artistic career of Vasudeo S. Gaitonde is a meticulous progress towards the light. Originally inspired by Rothko, the artist covers his paintings with a luminous paint often interrupted by darker expressions that may evoke some perspective.
Gaitonde is a Zen artist who favors meditation and works slowly. The rarity of his art, just over five paintings a year, has probably slowed the spread of his fame.
On December 15 , 2015, Christie's sold for INR 29.3 crores worth US$ 4.4M from a lower estimate of INR 12 crores an oil on canvas 140 x 102 cm, lot 25. This painting is dated 1995. Gaitonde was 71 years old, and this picture is typical of the magnificent culmination of his research.
The color between ochre and gold has become almost monochrome. It plays with light by the effects of glimmer, reflection and texture. The canvas is scattered with regular horizontal lines and with non semiotic closed figures whose role is to diffuse the viewer's attention into the entire surface. Like for Rothko, the best works by Gaitonde can hardly be understood by the inspection of a photograph.
This late work entirely made of light and texture anticipates by over ten years the quest of the younger monochromists like Tauba Auerbach or Rudolf Stingel.
Gaitonde is a Zen artist who favors meditation and works slowly. The rarity of his art, just over five paintings a year, has probably slowed the spread of his fame.
On December 15 , 2015, Christie's sold for INR 29.3 crores worth US$ 4.4M from a lower estimate of INR 12 crores an oil on canvas 140 x 102 cm, lot 25. This painting is dated 1995. Gaitonde was 71 years old, and this picture is typical of the magnificent culmination of his research.
The color between ochre and gold has become almost monochrome. It plays with light by the effects of glimmer, reflection and texture. The canvas is scattered with regular horizontal lines and with non semiotic closed figures whose role is to diffuse the viewer's attention into the entire surface. Like for Rothko, the best works by Gaitonde can hardly be understood by the inspection of a photograph.
This late work entirely made of light and texture anticipates by over ten years the quest of the younger monochromists like Tauba Auerbach or Rudolf Stingel.
1996
2017 SOLD for $ 4.1M by Christie's
The art of V.S. Gaitonde is a hyperbolic approach to his passion. Like Zao Wou-Ki and Matta he went to use the abstraction to express his feeling of the sublime. The forms play over colors like the music over silence.
The oil on canvas is his unique technique throughout this course of almost half a century. Over time his mastery of texture and light becomes total. The artworks have no title because the psychology of each person is unique. Gaitonde does not try to be understood or to train disciples but those who will imitate him will certainly reach a nirvana.
Yellow is powerful and dazzling. A gold and ochre composition 140 x 102 cm inhabited by geometric shapes without apparent meaning was sold in 2015 by Christie's for INR 29.3 crores worth US $ 4.4M. Painted in 1995 it is an example of the perfectionist creativity of his later career.
On September 13, 2017, Christie's sold an oil on canvas of the same size painted in 1996 which is perhaps the ultimate masterpiece by Gaitonde, finally releasing his inner incandescence patiently retained by his Zen.
This composition appears as a continuation to the 1995 painting. The vermilion background reveals the inner fire and the geometric forms arise like yellow and orange embers. It was sold for $ 4.1M from a lower estimate of $ 2,8M, lot 414.
The oil on canvas is his unique technique throughout this course of almost half a century. Over time his mastery of texture and light becomes total. The artworks have no title because the psychology of each person is unique. Gaitonde does not try to be understood or to train disciples but those who will imitate him will certainly reach a nirvana.
Yellow is powerful and dazzling. A gold and ochre composition 140 x 102 cm inhabited by geometric shapes without apparent meaning was sold in 2015 by Christie's for INR 29.3 crores worth US $ 4.4M. Painted in 1995 it is an example of the perfectionist creativity of his later career.
On September 13, 2017, Christie's sold an oil on canvas of the same size painted in 1996 which is perhaps the ultimate masterpiece by Gaitonde, finally releasing his inner incandescence patiently retained by his Zen.
This composition appears as a continuation to the 1995 painting. The vermilion background reveals the inner fire and the geometric forms arise like yellow and orange embers. It was sold for $ 4.1M from a lower estimate of $ 2,8M, lot 414.
