1945
See also : Modern China Spain II Miro Central and South Americas Music and dance Patek Philippe Patek Philippe 1945-1980
1945 The Song of the Fading Years
2017 SOLD for HK$ 205M including premium
Bai Juyi's long poem is a masterpiece of realistic song, admired for its intense emotion, recited and illustrated by the Chinese since it was composed 1200 years ago under the Tang Dynasty. A fallen politician drifts away in a chilly autumn night until he hears the lute and the wonderful song of an aging woman who has lost her appeal and has been fired from the court.
This poem inspires Fu Baoshi, certainly from his years of training in Japan. In his innovative style that combines tradition and modernism, Fu considers that the artist must be completely imbued with the literary model to recreate the atmosphere.
In 1944 and 1945 in trials of increasing complication, Fu composed his visual interpretation of the poem of Bai, bringing all the significant elements : the man and the woman, the colors of autumn in the moonlight. At the same time he works on the expression of Qu Yuan's political poems which immerse him with the symbolic role of ghosts in Taoism.
On November 28 in Hong Kong, Christie's sells as lot 8801 a 113 x 66 cm hanging scroll made in 1945 from the Song of the Pipa Player. This artwork had been sold in the same auction room on November 30, 2010 for HK $ 70M including premium.
The composition is one of the most complex made by Fu on this theme. It shows at the ends of the diagonal two well separated groups of three people each. The foreground group consists of servants with a saddled horse. The main group consisting of the politician-poet, a friend and the musician woman appears through the big tree, reminding the location in the sky of the gods of Taoism.
Fu expresses his own emotional encounter with Bai's poem. The figures are finely drawn in the tradition of Japanese figuration, enabling to display the sadness in the face of the woman and the tears in the eyes of the men.
This poem inspires Fu Baoshi, certainly from his years of training in Japan. In his innovative style that combines tradition and modernism, Fu considers that the artist must be completely imbued with the literary model to recreate the atmosphere.
In 1944 and 1945 in trials of increasing complication, Fu composed his visual interpretation of the poem of Bai, bringing all the significant elements : the man and the woman, the colors of autumn in the moonlight. At the same time he works on the expression of Qu Yuan's political poems which immerse him with the symbolic role of ghosts in Taoism.
On November 28 in Hong Kong, Christie's sells as lot 8801 a 113 x 66 cm hanging scroll made in 1945 from the Song of the Pipa Player. This artwork had been sold in the same auction room on November 30, 2010 for HK $ 70M including premium.
The composition is one of the most complex made by Fu on this theme. It shows at the ends of the diagonal two well separated groups of three people each. The foreground group consists of servants with a saddled horse. The main group consisting of the politician-poet, a friend and the musician woman appears through the big tree, reminding the location in the sky of the gods of Taoism.
Fu expresses his own emotional encounter with Bai's poem. The figures are finely drawn in the tradition of Japanese figuration, enabling to display the sadness in the face of the woman and the tears in the eyes of the men.
1945 The Sound of Victory
2018 SOLD for $ 21.7M including premium
The war in Europe and the political situation in Spain deeply disturbed Joan Miro. Escaping in the contemplation of the stars, he had made his Constellations series and had hidden them. He then devotes his creativity to the entanglement of three themes : woman, star, bird.
In July 1944 Miro managed to send the Constellations to the United States. Pierre Matisse bought the series which he exhibited in his gallery in New York in January 1945. In his studio in Barcelona, Miro is encouraged by this success and restarts painting on large canvas.
On February 1, 1945 Miro paints an oil on canvas 146 x 114 cm under the revealing title Femme rêvant de l'évasion. The forms that appear at the top of the image and inside the face look like musical notes. This artwork was sold for £ 8.4M including premium by Sotheby's on February 5, 2013.
On May 11, 1945, three days after the surrender of Germany, Miro paints a 130 x 162 cm oil on canvas titled Femme entendant de la musique. Five reserves on a black background are each inhabited by a hybrid calligraphy that is both a musician and a musical note. The dark background, scarce in that year in Miro's art, is a dynamic evocation of the atmosphere of a cabaret.
Femme entendant de la musique is estimated $ 10M for sale by Christie's in New York on May 15, lot 5 A. It had been sold for $ 3.5M by Christie's on November 14, 1990.
In July 1944 Miro managed to send the Constellations to the United States. Pierre Matisse bought the series which he exhibited in his gallery in New York in January 1945. In his studio in Barcelona, Miro is encouraged by this success and restarts painting on large canvas.
On February 1, 1945 Miro paints an oil on canvas 146 x 114 cm under the revealing title Femme rêvant de l'évasion. The forms that appear at the top of the image and inside the face look like musical notes. This artwork was sold for £ 8.4M including premium by Sotheby's on February 5, 2013.
On May 11, 1945, three days after the surrender of Germany, Miro paints a 130 x 162 cm oil on canvas titled Femme entendant de la musique. Five reserves on a black background are each inhabited by a hybrid calligraphy that is both a musician and a musical note. The dark background, scarce in that year in Miro's art, is a dynamic evocation of the atmosphere of a cabaret.
Femme entendant de la musique is estimated $ 10M for sale by Christie's in New York on May 15, lot 5 A. It had been sold for $ 3.5M by Christie's on November 14, 1990.
1945 Consider the Lilies
2012 SOLD 18.5 M$ including premium
"Consider the lilies, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin, yet I tell you that even Solomon in all his glory was not clothed like one of them." (Luke 12:27).
In 1945, Alexander Calder looked at the lilies. Not only Lily of Force is one of his most successful mobiles, but it provides the key to the inspiration of the artist.
Son of an artist, Calder is an engineer. To rebuild the world, he tries to create carousels of toys, before introducing the movement in sculpture in 1932.
Lily of Force is a complex wire structure, over 2 meters high, perfectly balanced despite its delicate features. The lilies have found their way up. The movement of the mobile reminds the passage of sunlight in the foliage, with the wonderful effect of nature when leaves never shadow one another.
It is also a bridge between abstraction and figuration in the art of Calder. For another reason, this artwork is extremely important. Calder loved Europe and its avant-gardes, Mondrian, Miro. Fleeing the war, he is in the United States in 1945. Lily of Force is a link between Europe slowed by the war and the sudden restart of American creativity: Pollock, Still, Rothko.
Lily of force is estimated $ 8M. for sale by Christie's in New York on May 8. I invite you to play the video shared by the auction house.
POST SALE COMMENT
In the weeks before the sale, the interest of the art market for Calder was the subject of several comments. They finally discovered that the strong personality of Calder enabled him to develop a valid and original art.
Lily of Force arrived at auction at the right time. This mobile has been sold $ 18.5 million including premium.
In 1945, Alexander Calder looked at the lilies. Not only Lily of Force is one of his most successful mobiles, but it provides the key to the inspiration of the artist.
Son of an artist, Calder is an engineer. To rebuild the world, he tries to create carousels of toys, before introducing the movement in sculpture in 1932.
Lily of Force is a complex wire structure, over 2 meters high, perfectly balanced despite its delicate features. The lilies have found their way up. The movement of the mobile reminds the passage of sunlight in the foliage, with the wonderful effect of nature when leaves never shadow one another.
It is also a bridge between abstraction and figuration in the art of Calder. For another reason, this artwork is extremely important. Calder loved Europe and its avant-gardes, Mondrian, Miro. Fleeing the war, he is in the United States in 1945. Lily of Force is a link between Europe slowed by the war and the sudden restart of American creativity: Pollock, Still, Rothko.
Lily of force is estimated $ 8M. for sale by Christie's in New York on May 8. I invite you to play the video shared by the auction house.
POST SALE COMMENT
In the weeks before the sale, the interest of the art market for Calder was the subject of several comments. They finally discovered that the strong personality of Calder enabled him to develop a valid and original art.
Lily of Force arrived at auction at the right time. This mobile has been sold $ 18.5 million including premium.
1945 Miro inviting to Escape
2013 SOLD 8.4 M£ including premium
On February 5 in London, Sotheby's sells a painting by Miro, estimated £ 8M.
As so often for this artist, this large oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, should be examined by reference to its title, which is here Femme rêvant de l'évasion (woman dreaming of escape). Made in early 1945, it claims that another life than war is possible.
Miro's style continues to move forward, far ahead of his time. The main figure is human, but done in fine lines and patches of color. The symbolic star is present, but clearly apart from the four sensory phylacteries that materialize the dream. The scale of evasion is included or not, it is up to you to decide.
Everything seems naive in this work of the very subtle Miro anticipating the research by Dubuffet and Chaissac on the Art Brut. The composition similar to a comics drawing on a light background is remarkably modern for its time and invites to the pop art of Lichtenstein nearly twenty years later.
Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
This dreamlike and strange artwork, certainly political, was sold £ 8.4 million including premium.
As so often for this artist, this large oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, should be examined by reference to its title, which is here Femme rêvant de l'évasion (woman dreaming of escape). Made in early 1945, it claims that another life than war is possible.
Miro's style continues to move forward, far ahead of his time. The main figure is human, but done in fine lines and patches of color. The symbolic star is present, but clearly apart from the four sensory phylacteries that materialize the dream. The scale of evasion is included or not, it is up to you to decide.
Everything seems naive in this work of the very subtle Miro anticipating the research by Dubuffet and Chaissac on the Art Brut. The composition similar to a comics drawing on a light background is remarkably modern for its time and invites to the pop art of Lichtenstein nearly twenty years later.
Here is the link to the catalog.
POST SALE COMMENT
This dreamlike and strange artwork, certainly political, was sold £ 8.4 million including premium.
1945 The Mystery of the Mountain
2017 SOLD for RMB 64M including premium
Fu Baoshi made his career in Nanjing, the capital of the South. Wanting to join his own emotions to the oldest traditions of China, he is one of the most subtle artists of his time. His art studies in Tokyo brought an undeniable Japanese influence to his figuration of faces.
Fu Baoshi is his artist's name taken at the age of 18 to express his admiration for Shitao, the visionary artist of early Qing time who positioned the tiny human activity within the unfathomable immensity of nature.
Fu's meeting with the eminent scholar Guo Moruo in 1943 draws the artist's attention to the poems of Qu Yuan, collected under the Han. This semi-legendary poet from the dark period of the Warring States is an equivalent of Homer. He provides an invaluable link with ancient mythologies, posing mystical questions without seeking to provide answers.
On June 5 in Beijing, Poly Auction sells as lot 2250 Mountain Ghost, a scenery including and illustrating a poem by Qu Yuan. Made in 1945 this ink and colors 133 x 66 cm is resolutely original by its entanglement of the lines and by the striking contrast between the actions on the ground and in the clouds.
The young woman in the foreground is a symbol of beauty which already inspired the artists of the Song dynasty interpreting the same poem. She seems standing but the lower part of her gown does not touch the ground. The stormy sky releases for the careful observer two divinities harnessed behind the red leopard.
On May 15, 2016, China Guardian sold for RMB 52M including premium a scroll of same size made in 1946 starring the same characters. The features of the dress blend into the landscape and the seated attitude of this ghost is therefore another illusion.
In 1949 Guo becomes one of the top leaders of the new People's Republic. Using the story of Qu Yuan's suicide protesting against the invasion of his country by the Qin, he makes the old poet an exemplary martyr of the Chinese patriotism. Fu continues to illustrate the gods and clouds of Qu Yuan. A large 223 x 133 cm picture painted in 1954 remained unsold at Poly in June 2013.
Fu Baoshi is his artist's name taken at the age of 18 to express his admiration for Shitao, the visionary artist of early Qing time who positioned the tiny human activity within the unfathomable immensity of nature.
Fu's meeting with the eminent scholar Guo Moruo in 1943 draws the artist's attention to the poems of Qu Yuan, collected under the Han. This semi-legendary poet from the dark period of the Warring States is an equivalent of Homer. He provides an invaluable link with ancient mythologies, posing mystical questions without seeking to provide answers.
On June 5 in Beijing, Poly Auction sells as lot 2250 Mountain Ghost, a scenery including and illustrating a poem by Qu Yuan. Made in 1945 this ink and colors 133 x 66 cm is resolutely original by its entanglement of the lines and by the striking contrast between the actions on the ground and in the clouds.
The young woman in the foreground is a symbol of beauty which already inspired the artists of the Song dynasty interpreting the same poem. She seems standing but the lower part of her gown does not touch the ground. The stormy sky releases for the careful observer two divinities harnessed behind the red leopard.
On May 15, 2016, China Guardian sold for RMB 52M including premium a scroll of same size made in 1946 starring the same characters. The features of the dress blend into the landscape and the seated attitude of this ghost is therefore another illusion.
In 1949 Guo becomes one of the top leaders of the new People's Republic. Using the story of Qu Yuan's suicide protesting against the invasion of his country by the Qin, he makes the old poet an exemplary martyr of the Chinese patriotism. Fu continues to illustrate the gods and clouds of Qu Yuan. A large 223 x 133 cm picture painted in 1954 remained unsold at Poly in June 2013.
1945 Trovador by Tamayo
2008 SOLD for $ 7.2M including premium by Christie's
Link to catalogue.
1945 Arshile Gorky in New York
2012 SOLD 6.8 M$ including premium
Arshile Gorky arrived in New York in 1925. His maturity came early and his artistic language was similar as Miro's. War created a forced link between the two sides of the Atlantic. In exile in New York in 1944, André Breton admired his work.
Gorky the Armenian is very close to de Kooning the Dutch. The involvement between the two artists is intense. In 1944, de Kooning said that Gorky had a powerful influence on his art, and not the contrary.
Indeed, the style of Gorky is gradually changing. The figures are no more symbols, but an abundance of life that turns the heads. Details fade, colors and characters collide to abstraction. He somehow extended the Cubist research for movement of Severini or the Delaunays.
By its apparent spontaneity, its emotional title "Impatience", the oil on canvas dated 1945, 62 x 78 cm, is one that paves the way for abstract expressionism, the fruitful movement that Gorky, dying too soon, will not know.
It is estimated $ 6M, for sale on November 13 at Sotheby's in New York. Here is the link to the catalog.
This work helps to push Gorky to his rightful place in the history of art. Like Calder at the same time, he was able to instill in America the influence of the modernist trends of Europe.
POST SALE COMMENT
This fine example of the transition between surrealism and abstract expressionism was sold for $ 6.8 million including premium.
Gorky the Armenian is very close to de Kooning the Dutch. The involvement between the two artists is intense. In 1944, de Kooning said that Gorky had a powerful influence on his art, and not the contrary.
Indeed, the style of Gorky is gradually changing. The figures are no more symbols, but an abundance of life that turns the heads. Details fade, colors and characters collide to abstraction. He somehow extended the Cubist research for movement of Severini or the Delaunays.
By its apparent spontaneity, its emotional title "Impatience", the oil on canvas dated 1945, 62 x 78 cm, is one that paves the way for abstract expressionism, the fruitful movement that Gorky, dying too soon, will not know.
It is estimated $ 6M, for sale on November 13 at Sotheby's in New York. Here is the link to the catalog.
This work helps to push Gorky to his rightful place in the history of art. Like Calder at the same time, he was able to instill in America the influence of the modernist trends of Europe.
POST SALE COMMENT
This fine example of the transition between surrealism and abstract expressionism was sold for $ 6.8 million including premium.
1945 A Time Capsule in Stainless Steel
2015 SOLD for CHF 3.3M including premium
We duly associate luxury watches and precious metals. The watches of the most prestigious models made of stainless steel are highly rare. They were made on special order or to an experimental reason, and examples are known where an owner replaced the original case by gold.
On May 10, 2015, Phillips sold for CHF 4.6 million including premium over a lower estimate of CHF 1M a Patek Philippe 130 made of steel in 1927. This model corresponds to the development of the single-button chronograph. This result far beyond the expectations shows a growing interest by connoisseurs for exceptional models in unusual configurations.
On November 7 in Geneva, the same auction house sells a Patek Philippe 1436 made of stainless steel in 1945, lot 169 estimated CHF 1.5M. This split-chronograph model was a significant technological advance. Only one other steel example is surviving.
The watch for sale, still in an as new condition, has probably never been worked on after leaving the factory. Its movement has clearly never been dismantled.
Lovers of exceptional watches must note the information provided in the catalog that there is no known steel watch in the 2499 and world time models.
On May 10, 2015, Phillips sold for CHF 4.6 million including premium over a lower estimate of CHF 1M a Patek Philippe 130 made of steel in 1927. This model corresponds to the development of the single-button chronograph. This result far beyond the expectations shows a growing interest by connoisseurs for exceptional models in unusual configurations.
On November 7 in Geneva, the same auction house sells a Patek Philippe 1436 made of stainless steel in 1945, lot 169 estimated CHF 1.5M. This split-chronograph model was a significant technological advance. Only one other steel example is surviving.
The watch for sale, still in an as new condition, has probably never been worked on after leaving the factory. Its movement has clearly never been dismantled.
Lovers of exceptional watches must note the information provided in the catalog that there is no known steel watch in the 2499 and world time models.
1945 Irma Stern and the Zanzibari Woman
2010 SOLD 2.37 M£ including premium
Irma Stern knew better than anyone to show the cosmopolitan aspect of austral Africa. She traveled extensively throughout the region, and painted the portrait of African, Malay and Indian women.
Her art is an effective mixing of ethnic realism and psychological expressionism, which was not well understood in her lifetime.
Bonhams always offers significant works by Irma Stern in their sales of South African art in London.
The next sale, on 26 and 27 October, includes an oil on canvas showing with proximity and sympathy a young woman from the Indian community in Zanzibar. Presented in a frame of African inspiration, this work made in 1945 is estimated £ 600K.
The catalog is not yet available: I will indicate the size when I will comment the result. The image with its frame is illustrated in the press release shared by AuctionPublicity.
POST SALE COMMENT
This painting is a masterpiece of Irma Stern. Bonhams did not make a mistake by announcing a high estimate, but the market went much further £ 2.1 million hammer price, 2.37 million including premium.
The size of this painting is 87 x 71 cm.
Her art is an effective mixing of ethnic realism and psychological expressionism, which was not well understood in her lifetime.
Bonhams always offers significant works by Irma Stern in their sales of South African art in London.
The next sale, on 26 and 27 October, includes an oil on canvas showing with proximity and sympathy a young woman from the Indian community in Zanzibar. Presented in a frame of African inspiration, this work made in 1945 is estimated £ 600K.
The catalog is not yet available: I will indicate the size when I will comment the result. The image with its frame is illustrated in the press release shared by AuctionPublicity.
POST SALE COMMENT
This painting is a masterpiece of Irma Stern. Bonhams did not make a mistake by announcing a high estimate, but the market went much further £ 2.1 million hammer price, 2.37 million including premium.
The size of this painting is 87 x 71 cm.
1945 The Gargoyle Girl
2016 SOLD for £ 2.3M including premium
After the war, intellectuals and artists have fun in Soho. Life finally resumes its rights. Male guys look at young women. Lucian Freud had prepared his pencils and his chalks without waiting until the war is over. He admires the accurate lines in the drawings by Dürer.
Lucian attends the Gargoyle Club and intensely looks at the owner's daughter. The artist feels that he must scrutinize his models from the closest to bring a psychological dimension to his portraits. He already understands that his attitude may be inconvenient, but that does not restrain him. If he knows to seduce his interlocutor, the drawing will be good.
Pauline's drawing by Lucian, 45 x 40 cm on gray-green paper, is estimated £ 2M for sale by Christie's in London on June 30, lot 7. The very short history of their scarcely romantic encounters makes possible to date the work to 1945, when the sitter was 17 years old.
Lucian is a competent artist. The portrait is meticulous, with a great care in the undulating lines of the blond hair. The hair style and the blouse are positioning the girl in the modern world.
Pauline's gaze anticipates the empathy that Lucian will share with his later models. Her left eye is bright while the other is in the shadow, and this difference makes the viewer feel that an eye is wet. The slight oversize of both eyes is probably intended by the grandson of Sigmund Freud to highlight that they constitute the center of his psychological composition.
I invite you to watch the video shared by Christie's.
Lucian attends the Gargoyle Club and intensely looks at the owner's daughter. The artist feels that he must scrutinize his models from the closest to bring a psychological dimension to his portraits. He already understands that his attitude may be inconvenient, but that does not restrain him. If he knows to seduce his interlocutor, the drawing will be good.
Pauline's drawing by Lucian, 45 x 40 cm on gray-green paper, is estimated £ 2M for sale by Christie's in London on June 30, lot 7. The very short history of their scarcely romantic encounters makes possible to date the work to 1945, when the sitter was 17 years old.
Lucian is a competent artist. The portrait is meticulous, with a great care in the undulating lines of the blond hair. The hair style and the blouse are positioning the girl in the modern world.
Pauline's gaze anticipates the empathy that Lucian will share with his later models. Her left eye is bright while the other is in the shadow, and this difference makes the viewer feel that an eye is wet. The slight oversize of both eyes is probably intended by the grandson of Sigmund Freud to highlight that they constitute the center of his psychological composition.
I invite you to watch the video shared by Christie's.
1945 The Three Heads of St Anthony
2014 SOLD for $ 2.63M including premium
In 1945, life is resuming after the Second World War. Albert Lewin is preparing a movie based on Bel-Ami, Maupassant's novel. The temptations remind the legend of St. Anthony in the desert of Egypt, a good theme to appeal surrealist artists.
Lewin has the bold and clever idea to open a competition to ten artists on the theme of St. Anthony with the goal to use the winning artwork within the film. Duchamp is a member of the jury. Max Ernst wins with a Gothic work that well matches the popular imagination on diableries. Dali performs one of his most celebrated pictures, dated 1946.
Leonora Carrington is among the ten invited artists, probably due to her pre-war affair with Max Ernst. Aged 28, she is not yet known to the public. The theme excites her imagination exacerbated by wartime psychiatric difficulties.
The oil on canvas painted by Carrington, 122 x 91 cm, dated 1945, is estimated $ 1.8M, for sale on November 24 by Sotheby's in New York, lot 17.
Leonora enjoyed to include all the symbols of the legend along with introducing new elements. The three pale heads of the saint emerge gradually out of the too white cloak which looks like the shrouds of Blake's ghosts. A young woman is preparing delicious foods. A witch is playing the trumpet in the middle of a spider net shaped blanket held by the sins. The disproportion of the figures will remain a major feature in her personal vision of surrealism.
The artist used to reply complacently to the questions on the interpretation of her works. When asked why the holy man has three heads, she replied: why not?
Lewin has the bold and clever idea to open a competition to ten artists on the theme of St. Anthony with the goal to use the winning artwork within the film. Duchamp is a member of the jury. Max Ernst wins with a Gothic work that well matches the popular imagination on diableries. Dali performs one of his most celebrated pictures, dated 1946.
Leonora Carrington is among the ten invited artists, probably due to her pre-war affair with Max Ernst. Aged 28, she is not yet known to the public. The theme excites her imagination exacerbated by wartime psychiatric difficulties.
The oil on canvas painted by Carrington, 122 x 91 cm, dated 1945, is estimated $ 1.8M, for sale on November 24 by Sotheby's in New York, lot 17.
Leonora enjoyed to include all the symbols of the legend along with introducing new elements. The three pale heads of the saint emerge gradually out of the too white cloak which looks like the shrouds of Blake's ghosts. A young woman is preparing delicious foods. A witch is playing the trumpet in the middle of a spider net shaped blanket held by the sins. The disproportion of the figures will remain a major feature in her personal vision of surrealism.
The artist used to reply complacently to the questions on the interpretation of her works. When asked why the holy man has three heads, she replied: why not?
