Barnett NEWMAN (1905-1970)
Except otherwise stated, all results below include the premium.
See also : Abstract art II
Chronology : 1949 1952 1953 1960-1969 1961
See also : Abstract art II
Chronology : 1949 1952 1953 1960-1969 1961
1945 Untitled
2017 SOLD for $ 4.1M by Christie's
to be narrated
A son to Jewish immigrants from Poland to the USA, Barnett Newman considered that a new art was necessary after the Holocaust. He went to consider that only an artist would be able to reach the primal essence of existence.
The atrocities of his time made figurative art inappropriate and indecent. He will develop an expiatory art to redefine the sublime. After Rothko and Gottlieb, he naturally tries his hand to the abstract expressionism.
This atheist is inspired by the creation of monotheism. His search for a non-figurative authenticity is intuitive and emotional.
sold by Christie's
for $ 3.2M on May 8, 2012, lot 6.
for $ 4.1M on November 15, 2017, lot 37B.
The atrocities of his time made figurative art inappropriate and indecent. He will develop an expiatory art to redefine the sublime. After Rothko and Gottlieb, he naturally tries his hand to the abstract expressionism.
This atheist is inspired by the creation of monotheism. His search for a non-figurative authenticity is intuitive and emotional.
sold by Christie's
for $ 3.2M on May 8, 2012, lot 6.
for $ 4.1M on November 15, 2017, lot 37B.
1946 Genesis - the Break
2013 SOLD for $ 3.64M by Sotheby's
to be narrated
sold for $ 3.64M by Sotheby's on November 13, 2013, lot 29.
breakthrough
1948 Onement
MoMA
Barnett Newman finds the solution of his mystical quest in 1948.
A monochrome painting is crossed in the middle by a narrow vertical strip visible in another color after removal of a sparing tape. This flash will later be identified as the 'zip'.
The monochromatic surface is the result of a careful application of additional layers of paint as Rothko was doing.
Through his painstaking care, the zipped monochromes of Newman precede the pop art flags of Jasper Johns.
This straight flash opens the cosmos. To better express the all-powerful forces that govern the universe, it is strictly vertical, axial and complete from top to bottom of the image. The apparent simplicity of the result expresses that the homogeneity of the universe is an illusion.
When the zip is narrow, it is perceived as a gathering of the left and right sides and not as a separation. For his first zipped work, Newman will build the neologism Onement, an apheresis of atonement for evoking the wholeness.
A monochrome painting is crossed in the middle by a narrow vertical strip visible in another color after removal of a sparing tape. This flash will later be identified as the 'zip'.
The monochromatic surface is the result of a careful application of additional layers of paint as Rothko was doing.
Through his painstaking care, the zipped monochromes of Newman precede the pop art flags of Jasper Johns.
This straight flash opens the cosmos. To better express the all-powerful forces that govern the universe, it is strictly vertical, axial and complete from top to bottom of the image. The apparent simplicity of the result expresses that the homogeneity of the universe is an illusion.
When the zip is narrow, it is perceived as a gathering of the left and right sides and not as a separation. For his first zipped work, Newman will build the neologism Onement, an apheresis of atonement for evoking the wholeness.
1949 Galaxy
2018 SOLD for $ 10M by Sotheby's
Onement II, III and IV are variations executed by Barnett Newman in 1948 and 1949.
In 1949 he tries several placements, widths and colors in no less than 17 paintings, including first trials of asymmetry.
His first work with two vertical zips is appropriately titled Galaxy. The line in the left side is light and broad while the other line is dark and narrow, both on a rich burgundy background. This oil on canvas 61 x 51 cm was sold for $ 10M by Sotheby's on May 16, 2018, lot 35. Such a small size in a near square format is reminiscent of Mondrian's abstract masterpieces.
In 1949 he tries several placements, widths and colors in no less than 17 paintings, including first trials of asymmetry.
His first work with two vertical zips is appropriately titled Galaxy. The line in the left side is light and broad while the other line is dark and narrow, both on a rich burgundy background. This oil on canvas 61 x 51 cm was sold for $ 10M by Sotheby's on May 16, 2018, lot 35. Such a small size in a near square format is reminiscent of Mondrian's abstract masterpieces.
1949 By Twos
2013 SOLD for $ 20.6M by Sotheby's
Executed in 1949 with two zips, By Twos is an attempt by Barnett Newman of a vertical format that simulates the size of a standing human body. The zips are light blue in same width, one of them being centered and the other one at one third within the right side. The background is velvety black.
Such a dissymmetry may evoke face and profile together while the title may refer to the pairs in Noah's Ark. Newman once stated that "the visual experience of the painting should be a single experience as single as the encounter that one has with a person, a living being".
This vertical oil on canvas 168 x 41 cm was sold for $ 20.6M by Sotheby's on November 13, 2013, lot 28.
The black on black Abraham was painted in the same year. It is both a Biblical reference and the first name of Barnett's beloved father.
Such a dissymmetry may evoke face and profile together while the title may refer to the pairs in Noah's Ark. Newman once stated that "the visual experience of the painting should be a single experience as single as the encounter that one has with a person, a living being".
This vertical oil on canvas 168 x 41 cm was sold for $ 20.6M by Sotheby's on November 13, 2013, lot 28.
The black on black Abraham was painted in the same year. It is both a Biblical reference and the first name of Barnett's beloved father.
1950 Untitled 4
2019 SOLD for $ 10.5M by Christie's
to be narrated
, lot 28B.
1952 Onement V
2020 SOLD for $ 31M by Christie's
Onement V is painted by Barnett Newman in 1952, which coincides by chance or by intellectual refinement with the fifth year of the series. There is a minimal contrast between the monochrome dark blue and the green-cyan zip. His process at that date includes a lightning tear of the sticky tape.
This oil on canvas 152 x 96 cm was sold by Christie's for $ 22.5M on May 8, 2012, lot 24 and for $ 31M on July 10, 2020, lot 66 renumbered 52A.
This oil on canvas 152 x 96 cm was sold by Christie's for $ 22.5M on May 8, 2012, lot 24 and for $ 31M on July 10, 2020, lot 66 renumbered 52A.
1953 Onement VI
2013 SOLD for $ 44M by Sotheby's
In 1953 the Onement VI by Barnett Newman is the apotheosis of the series, in the metaphysical meaning of that word. The space, still dark blue, becomes huge and almost square, 300 x 260 cm. The light blue zip is the first in the series to have sharp edges, predicting the victory of the disturbance on the established order.
Newman has here the same goal as Rothko to integrate the visitor into his space but his process of realization is much simpler. His minimalist art anticipates the monochromes of Yves Klein and the lacerations of Lucio Fontana. The zip provides a presence that the viewer cannot ignore.
Onement VI was sold for $ 44M from a lower estimate of $ 30M by Sotheby's on May 14, 2013. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
Newman has here the same goal as Rothko to integrate the visitor into his space but his process of realization is much simpler. His minimalist art anticipates the monochromes of Yves Klein and the lacerations of Lucio Fontana. The zip provides a presence that the viewer cannot ignore.
Onement VI was sold for $ 44M from a lower estimate of $ 30M by Sotheby's on May 14, 2013. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.
1954 White Fire I
2002 SOLD for $ 3.86M by Christie's
Despite being an atheist, Barnett Newman viewed Moses as an arch-prophet, the one and only who provides an explanation on the uniqueness of man.
The Talmud teaches that God was summoning Moses with a voice that nobody else could hear. A similar mystery happens with the scripture. The Talmud rules that the basic element is the parchment, while the inked scripture is essential but subsidiary. They are respectively referred as white fire and black fire. As for the word of God, the white fire cannot be read in a usual manner.
Barnett Newman could not miss such a reference to the sublime, his artistic target.
His first White Fire opus asymmetrically placed two zips on a translucent bright background. This oil on canvas 122 x 152 cm painted in 1954 was sold for $ 3.86M by Christie's on November 13, 2002, lot 14.
The Talmud teaches that God was summoning Moses with a voice that nobody else could hear. A similar mystery happens with the scripture. The Talmud rules that the basic element is the parchment, while the inked scripture is essential but subsidiary. They are respectively referred as white fire and black fire. As for the word of God, the white fire cannot be read in a usual manner.
Barnett Newman could not miss such a reference to the sublime, his artistic target.
His first White Fire opus asymmetrically placed two zips on a translucent bright background. This oil on canvas 122 x 152 cm painted in 1954 was sold for $ 3.86M by Christie's on November 13, 2002, lot 14.
1961 Black Fire I
2014 SOLD for $ 84M by Christie's
In 1957 Barnett Newman suffers his first heart attack which generates a new mystical crisis on the abandonment of man facing mortality. Despite his atheism, he takes his inspiration in the Calvary of Christ. The color is replaced by a deep black occupying the entire surface excepted some vertical strips of raw canvas. He finished the series of Stations in 1966.
Newman's psychological crisis worsens with the sudden death of his younger brother in 1961. Black Fire I, in the same technique as the Stations, manages to express in a single canvas the whole existential tragedy. The growth of the black area from left to right is blocked by a vertical zip. The right side is not painted.
This oil on canvas 290 x 213 cm was sold for $ 84M by Christie's on May 13, 2014.
Newman's psychological crisis worsens with the sudden death of his younger brother in 1961. Black Fire I, in the same technique as the Stations, manages to express in a single canvas the whole existential tragedy. The growth of the black area from left to right is blocked by a vertical zip. The right side is not painted.
This oil on canvas 290 x 213 cm was sold for $ 84M by Christie's on May 13, 2014.
1969 untitled ink on paper
2008 SOLD for $ 5.2M by Christie's
to be narrated
, lot 31.
