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20th Century Furniture

See also : Furniture  Art Deco  Giacometti 1947-54  Chairs and seats  European ceramics  Women artists  Dragon
Chronology : 1917  1920  1952  1968  1970  1979  1980

1915-1917 Enfilade by Eileen Gray
2009 SOLD for € 4M including premium by Christie's
narrated in 2018 before the sale of another piece by Artcurial (see below)

Eileen Gray had completed in Paris her art studies. She specializes in luxury furnishings. Sensitive and autonomous with a taste for exoticism, she innovates without worrying about pre-existing fashions. Seeking quality rather than series production, she prefers designing unique works.

She opens a workshop for lacquered wood in Paris in 1910 with the specialized Japanese craftsman Seijo Sugawara. They develop together new colors. In 1913 the refinement and originality of their Japan-inspired panels are praised by fashion designer Jacques Doucet, instantly making Eileen Gray a pioneer of the Parisian Art Déco.

During the war Gray and Sugawara work in London. In the auction of the Saint-Laurent Bergé collection in February 2009, Christie's sold for € 4M including premium a highly rare lacquered enfilade cabinet made in that transition period, lot 243. At the end of the war they restart the Parisian workshop.

On November 27, 2018, a lacquered console table passed at Artcurial from a lower estimate of € 1M. It had been made before 1920 with a 124 x 39 cm top and a total length of 169 cm including the retractable side shelves. It is entirely lacquered with various colors and the lacquer of the top is inlaid with silver powder.

The only known similar table, with slightly different dimensions, was also in the Saint-Laurent Bergé collection. In its auction already referred above, it was sold for € 2.3M including premium over a lower estimate of € 1M, lot 277.
1917

<1920 Yves Saint-Laurent in an Armchair ... made by Eileen Gray
2009 SOLD 21.9 M€ including premium

In the very large sale of the collection of the fashion designer Yves Saint-Laurent, the furniture of the 20th century will be led by an armchair made by Eileen Gray.

It is a seat only 61 cm high. The sitting height is normal, but the back is small. It is large (91 cm), making it a comfortable chair. The press release from Christie's describes it as a Dragon armchair, certainly for the sculptures of its armrests. For this seat dating from about 1920-1922, prepare 2.5 million €.

In the work of Eileen Gray, other seats have generated one of the most remarkable results of auctions in recent years. On June 1, 2005 in Paris, Camard sold a set of six armchairs à la Sirène, for a total of nearly 9 million € charges included. Sold separately, these six lots were eventually divided between two buyers. They had belonged to Damia, the music hall singer woman with whom Eileen had a love affair. From a very different model from the chair of the Saint-Laurent collection, their sculpture of the women fish was enhanced by an open back.

Eileen Gray was renowned for the luxurious finish of her lacquered furniture.

The sale will be held at the Grand Palais in Paris from 23 to 25 February. It is jointly organized by Christie's and Pierre Bergé et Associés.

POST SALE COMMENT

This seat had it all. We imagine it perfectly in the middle of the living room of Yves Saint-Laurent, a famous person. It may equally be regarded as a work of art or as a piece of furniture.

Christie's has presented it as one of the top lots in the sale, from the first press release last September. The estimate probably took into account the results obtained at Drouot on the armchairs à la Sirène, remembered in my article above. Cautiously, the estimate had been made a little lower (2 M €) in the catalog than in the first releases.

As I have already written, the current crisis of confidence affects the sellers, not the buyers.

The chair of Yves Saint-Laurent by Eileen Gray was sold € 21.9 million including premium.

The low resolution image below is shared by Wikimedia for fair use :

Picture
Furniture
Chairs and Seats
Art Deco
Women Artists
Dragon
1920

1937 Enfilade by Printz and Dunand
2019 SOLD for $ 5.5M including premium by Christie's
narrated in 2020

Eugène Printz, a cabinetmaker, had worked with Chareau. Jean Dunand, a decorator, is a lacquerer and dinandier, specialist in bright surfaces and already famous for his panels and his screens. The dinanderie is the art of using non-precious metals in decoration.

Their skills are complementary and their fruitful collaboration lasts from 1928 until the death of Dunand in 1942. Their joint production consists mainly of sideboards : buffets, enfilades, bahuts. The style meets the canons of Art Déco : geometric simplicity of forms, beauty of surfaces.


A cabinet 125 x 160 x 30 cm made in 1930-1931 by Printz and Dunand was sold for € 1,26M including premium by Christie's on November 27, 2007, lot 331.

A cabinet in enfilade 93 x 200 x 44 cm made circa 1937 was sold on June 4, 2019 for $ 5.5M including premium by Christie's, lot 43. This enfilade had been kept by Printz for his own collection. It is indeed a superb example of the later period of the French Art Déco.


Its rectangular cabinet in palmwood is perfectly balanced, altogether low and shallow to provide a sense of lightness. Its suite of ten doors cover the whole height of the façade, with no visible structure or handle.

It is also exceptional by the full covering of all the door panels in a dinanderie of various patterns on angled metal leaves, suggesting the folds of a Japanese screen. These fragile elements have been kept in an excellent condition.

1950 The Skeleton Tables of Carlo Mollino
2020 SOLD for $ 6.2M including premium

Architect and interior designer, Carlo Mollino has led his career as a synthesis of his exuberant passions : high-flying, skiing, photography, women. After the war, independently of each other, Mollino and Noguchi design the furniture of the future.

The architect observes the solidity of the construction of the human skeleton. The structure of his tables and chairs takes the forms of rib cage and spine. Mollino thus brings sensuality to his furniture, which does not need an additional ornament. Above this openwork, the table top is in transparent glass.

On June 9, 2005, Christie's sold for $ 3.8M including premium from a lower estimate of $ 150K a 73 x 157 x 86 cm oak dining table designed by Mollino in 1948 and manufactured in 1949 by Apelli e Varesio in Turin.

After the war, Italy looked for new solutions for its reconstruction. An exhibition entitled Italy at Work is dedicated by a consortium of US museums to the renaissance of Italian design. Mollino is invited to prepare the furnishings for an all purpose room.

The main piece of furniture for Mollino's participation in Italy at Work is a dining table, 77 x 250 x 80 cm, designed in 1949 and made in 1950 in plywood, maple and brass by Apelli e Varesio. The technical feat adds to the artistic novelty : his use of large-scale molded plywood is unprecedented in the history of furniture.

The table returns in 1954 to the Brooklyn Museum after the traveling exhibition by a gift from the Italian government. It is estimated $ 2M for sale by Sotheby's in New York on October 28, lot 16, for the support of the museum's collections. Please watch the video shared by the auction house.

​1952 The Primordial Chandelier
​2018 SOLD for £ 7.6M including premium

In 1947 and 1948 Alberto Giacometti defined his existentialist pantheon with his primordial trinity and some accessories including the cage.

For their friends the Giacometti brothers also remain the pre-war decorators who created models of furnishing for Frank. Diego continues in this specialty and Alberto still accepts some private orders. A plaster chandelier with geometric figures made by Alberto in 1954 for the Tériade apartment was sold for £ 2.05M including premium by Phillips on April 26, 2017.

Louis Broder was a Swiss publisher. For his Paris apartment he commissioned in 1948 to Alberto a chandelier adorned with his new characters. The original plaster, 60 cm high and 136 cm in diameter, was supplied in 1949 or 1950 to Broder and donated in 1983 by Berggruen to the Centre Pompidou.

This private work is an interesting synthesis of Giacometti's metaphysics. The central position is a gloriette in which the Femme debout opens her arms, holding two side columns as if she was ready to go out for discovering the world. She has the main role, superseding the ephemeral Homme au doigt.

The Homme qui marche starts away from the cage in a centrifugal force that ignores the existence of the woman. Smaller than her, he does not have the importance he would like to have. The trinity is completed on the other side by a bird. The four lights are installed in crocus flowers.

In 1952 Alberto made three bronzes of this chandelier, also for Broder. One of them is estimated £ 6M for sale by Sotheby's in London on February 28, lot 4.
Giacometti 1947-54
1952

1966-1969 Bibliothèque by Diego Giacometti
2017 SOLD for $ 6.3M including premium by Sotheby's

Link to catalogue.
1968

1970 Bar aux Autruches by François-Xavier Lalanne
2017 SOLD for € 6.2M including premium by Sotheby's
narrated in 2020

Created around 1882, the Pâte Nouvelle is a new hard paste developed by the Manufacture de Porcelaine de Sèvres, prepared at a lower temperature than the porcelains of the previous century. Around 1965 Antoine d'Albis, head of the Manufacture laboratory, develops on a similar principle an intensely white porcelain referenced PA.A. François-Xavier Lalanne is interested.

Georges Pompidou was a great sponsor of contemporary art. His accession to the presidency of the French Republic in 1969 encouraged new projects.

In 1970 Lalanne edits two very prestigious bars using the new ultra-white porcelain. The Grasshopper Bar, 175 cm long, is produced in two copies only. One was offered by President Pompidou to Queen Elizabeth II in 1972. The other was sold for $ 1.64M including premium by Sotheby's on May 24, 2018.

The Bar aux Autruches, 194 cm long overall, is much original in its design. The tray is held on each side in the beak of an ostrich. The standing birds turn their backs each other for the balance. The folding wings open laterally on a bottle rack. The tray is centered with a removable ice bucket in the shape of an egg. The ostriches are dated 1967 and bear the mark of the Manufacture de Sèvres.

The Ostrich bar was assembled in six units. One of them is exhibited in the permanent collections of the Musée de Sèvres and another one was deposited at the Palais de l'Elysée at the request of Pompidou. Another copy was sold for € 6.2M including premium by Sotheby's on November 21, 2017 over a lower estimate of € 700K, lot 40.

European Ceramics
1970

1976 A Flock of Seats in a Barn
2012 SOLD 5.7 M$ including premium

An unusual idea can provide an overnight fame to an artist. In 1965, François-Xavier Lalanne creates a sensation in Paris at the Salon de la Jeune Peinture.

He designed a small bench in wood and aluminum, covered with wool, with four feet. All furniture manufacturers run their models in multiple copies: Lalanne standardizes the quantity to 24. Thus was born his flock of life size sheep, worthy of the best ideas of surrealism but in an extreme simplicity of interpretation.

The set is funny. Sheep are actually in two models: with head held high, and headless. This is a clear invitation to leave the pieces together : headless animals are considered occupied to graze within the group, protected by the external figures.

The owner of a herd gets a modifiable furniture of wide area and high friendliness where guests can sit, lie, hang their hat.

On November 14 in New York at Christie's, a flock of 24 seats is estimated $ 4M, in the evening sale of post-war and contemporary art. Here is the link to the catalog.

This set had been purchased in 1976 by an American couple to fill a barn. These clients have devised a clever refinement: one sheep, and only one, is in black wool, to anticipate the case where a guest would like to be on his own!

POST SALE COMMENT

This lot is certainly one of the most complete sets of Lalanne sheep: $ 5.7 million including premium.

1979 Moutons de Pierre by Lalanne
2011 SOLD for $ 7.5M including premium by Christie's
narrated in 2020

François-Xavier Lalanne conceives in 1965 his first flock of 24 sheep, entitled Pour Polyphème. They are made up of two life-size models. The sheep with a proudly raised head is a bench with a hat holder and the headless sheep is an ottoman. The artist's goal was to exhibit an innovative, utilitarian and monumental work.

Throughout his career, Lalanne reissues his sheep. The first series, coated with real wool, are called the Moutons de Laine. Here are some results for this variant :
A pair dated 1969 was sold for € 1.57M including premium by Sotheby's on November 21, 2017, lot 38.
A flock made in 1968-1969 of five sheep and nine ottomans was sold for € 1.75M including premium by Christie's on December 4, 2012, lot 22.
A complete herd of seven white sheep, one black sheep and sixteen ottomans, whose provenance history begins in 1976, was sold for $ 5.7M including premium by Christie's on November 14, 2012, lot 43.

Success gives rise to new variants : the ram, the ewe, the lamb. The Mouton de Pierre appears in 1979 for use in the garden. It is in epoxy concrete and bronze, without wheels and without wool. It is first edited in 250 numbered units, later in small series of replicas.

A homogeneous group of ten Moutons de Pierre from the first edition was sold for $ 7.5M including premium by Christie's on December 17, 2011, lot 303, from a lower estimate of $ 600K.

1979

​1980 Diego in the Style of Alberto
2017 SOLD for € 4.2M including premium

Diego Giacometti was thirteen months younger than Alberto. Decorators and sculptors, they establish their studio together in Montparnasse. The pieces of furnishing that they realize in the 1930s in particular for Jean-Michel Frank appeal by their modernism.

The war separates them temporarily. At that moment their art takes very different directions. While Alberto expresses existentialism by relying on surrealism, Diego does not leave decoration and realism. He meets the desires of his customers with his nice and humorous themes where animal figures come to perch on the struts or to huddle in the table legs.

Circa 1978, twelve years after the death of Alberto, Diego designs and executes for a customer a bronze table in the shape of a regular octagon 170 cm wide. The top is carried by eight legs in front of which the artist dispositions in the extension of each horizontal bar a standing figure in the threadlike style of Alberto.

This late synthesis of the art of the Giacometti brothers is scarce and unexpected. The table was sold for $ 3.8M including premium by Sotheby's on November 15, 2016 over a lower estimate of $ 300K.

In 1970 Hubert de Givenchy is seduced by the simple and effective creations by Diego with which he will populate his manor. The collection of the works executed by Diego for Givenchy is dispersed by Christie's in Paris on March 6.

This set includes three examples in bronze and wood of the octagonal table "aux caryatides et atlantes". A table 162 cm in diameter made circa 1980 is estimated € 600K, lot 16. Two tables 190 cm in diameter were made circa 1983. Each of them is estimated € 800K, lot 7 and lot 11.

RESULTS INCLUDING PREMIUM
Lot 16 (1980) : € 4.2M
Lot 7 (1983) : € 3.8M
Lot 11 (1983) : € 3.3M

1980

​1991 Rhino and Chou
​2019 SOLD for € 5.4M including premium

Pierre Restany promotes under the wording Nouveaux Réalistes a new art which appropriates the industrial object. In 1964 the Galerie J devotes an exhibition to two sculptors, François-Xavier Lalanne and Claude, his companion and future wife.

Their conceptions and their product lines are complementary. François-Xavier maintains the functionality of his models of furniture even when they are zoomorphic. Claude creates decorative objects for the living room or the garden with an unlimited imagination. They will sign their works jointly from 1966 : Les Lalanne.

In that seminal exhibition, the two flagship pieces were François-Xavier's Rhinocrétaire and Claude's Choupatte. Pierre Bergé and Yves Saint-Laurent were enthusiastic about the Rhinocrétaire.

Throughout their long career, les Lalanne accumulate new subjects without interrupting the old themes. On 23 and 24 October in Paris, Sotheby's sells the works that they were keeping in their home and studio near Fontainebleau.

The lot 13 estimated € 700K is a Rhinocrétaire 2.55 m long in welded metal. Opening a fall front of the beast unfolds the desk. This unique piece made in 1991 was certainly assembled for the personal use of the artist. Please watch the video shared by Sotheby's in the tweet.

The lot 33 estimated € 150K is a Choupatte (Très Grand) 117 x 135 cm from an edition of 8 made in 2012 in patinated bronze. A unique piece of only 37 cm dated 1988 was sold for € 610K including premium by Sotheby's on May 28, 2019 over a lower estimate of € 70K.

RESULTS including premium :
Rhinocrétaire SOLD for € 5.4M
​Choupatte SOLD for € 2.17M
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